Societal Attitudes Toward Abortion Public Opinion Varies...

Societal Attitudes Toward Abortion Public opinion varies based on the situation surrounding the pregnancy. Whether it may be an unplanned pregnancy or a rape, the topic of abortion always receives different extremities of reactions. In situations where a privileged couple gets pregnant and simply does not have time for a baby and gets an abortion, the public may react differently than from a situation where a 15 year old girl is raped by her stepfather and gets pregnant. There appears to be a spectrum of acceptable situations for abortion and depending on where a person may fall, society will have a varied opinion. Studies and surveys have shown that every year in America approximately 2% of all women aged 15-44 have an abortion. Within this 2%, less than 1% are caused by pregnancy from rape/incest, and 8% of women have an abortion simply due to the fact that their, â€Å"children are grown [and]; she has all [the kids] she wants† (â€Å"America†). These statistics show that many of the situations that lead to abortion are not what society sees as acceptable. Society as a whole sees abortion as an understandable option/choice when â€Å"there is a real risk of serious damage to the mother [when] a pregnancy is the result of a crime [...or when] the child of the pregnancy would have an unacceptable quality of life such as cases where the child would have†¦physical or mental handicaps† (â€Å"Reasons†). Following the virtual spectrum of acceptability for abortions in society from worst toShow MoreRelatedAbortion : A Feminist Polemic4215 Words   |  17 PagesAbortion: A Feminist Polemic Bioethics is the study of widely disputed ethical issues that stem from the contentions brought about by modern advancements in biology and medicine. The field’s focus on ethical healthcare and life sciences is specifically relevant to the vehement polemic regarding abortion. This argument has amassed a vast and varied following of individuals and groups, motivated by feminism, religious ethics, politics and medical ethics. I have chosen a feminist focus for my inquiryRead MoreSubstance Abuse15082 Words   |  61 PagesWHAT IS MEANT BY DRUG DEPENDENCY? Drug dependence is a situation where an addict feels he/she must have drugs in order to live; this is the term to describe psychological dependence. Physical dependence occurs when the body metabolism adapts to the presence of the drugs, when the drug is removed strong withdrawal symptoms are produced. This withdrawal syndrome is experienced as sickness, stomach upset and muscular pain. Hallucinations and convulsions may also occur. EXPLAIN WHY ALCOHOL IS ARead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Awareness 57 The Enigma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 ThroughRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

Pride and Prejudice Essay Topics Tips

Pride and Prejudice Essay Topics Tips If you can provide an interpretation of why you believe this opposition is here in the text you'll have a far stronger thesis. You will need to underline the source of the prevailing prejudice in young folks particularly. The deportation prices are extremely high and these individuals reside in fear and poverty. Writing on the topic of literature can be exceedingly difficult, especially whenever you're trying something difficult like a Pride and Prejudice analysis essay. Having stood the test of many epochs, the novel is still one of the very best in the world literature. It was built solely on the dialogue. Write some journal entries from the view of one of the primary characters. Try to remember that a thesis should argue something specific in regards to the text. Hence, you have to first understand the significance of prejudice if you need to compose great essays on prejudice for the essay exams. Moreover, all essay topics for Pride and Prejudice will be able to help you to produce your own topic. Pride and Prejudice is largely concerned with the pairing of many couples and the issues surrounding every one of those couples. Pride can be called a kind of plant, a type of body decoration, or perhaps a group of lions. Decide on a marriage that you think is unusual and explain why. The marriage wouldn't have been happy for either. The very first sentence of the distinctive pride and prejudice. There are not any princes and princesses, nobody believes they'll secure a happily ever after. As a consequence of this, both characters look miserable with their married life and constantly attempt to escape. Other characters aren't as lucky as Jane. Thus, such a marriage is easily the most classic and widespread. Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Society today puts an important value on marriage and making certain that love is the main reason for that marriage. Some have said that Pride and Prejudice is an easy tale of love and marriage, but it's actually a lot more complex. Although it is rather obvious that rejecting a guy who you don't love is a frequent fact today, in 1813 it was a less obvios issue. A lot of suspense is made through the initial animosity that's expressed between them both, and the expanding attraction they experience towards each other. Love is utilized throughout the entire novel as though it's what everybody is hoping to find. Yes, it's evident that love is an important component within this relationship. How to Get Started with Pride and Prejudice Essay Topics? Think about the methods by which indoor and outdoor settings are contrasted within this novel and determine the function that every sort of setting plays and meaning it represents. There are particular common factors that point to the caliber and value of the essays. The cost depends upon the size and urgency. If you would like to get a finished paper at an affordable price, you're in the area you want! If you wish to acquire high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for a fair price, you should probably try out using EssaySupply.com. You need to be able to use the service in online and offline regime despite where you are. Apart from that, there are educational solutions which provide college essay help. Understandably so, it's one of the most well-known collections in English history. So far as the students are involved, writing a research paper is among the toughest and frustrating endeavor in their opinion. As a consequence, such students start looking for the best essay help to be sure their project is going to be produced at the maximal level in agreement with all academic standards. The aim of the business alone makes this one of the best essay services. Our company is the best choice for people looking for professional writing help. Although there are lots of companies which provide online college essay help help, the majority of them will supply you with college essay which are of low quality.

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Essay Example For Students

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Essay Short Story Analysis In The Scarlet Ibis, by James Hurst, the narrators brother ;Doodle; is born physically handicapped and is expected to die yet lives. The narrator is forced to take Doodle everywhere in a go-cart. After much effort, he succeeds in making Doodle walk. Then, he is determined to teach Doodle more.. . This never failed to make him try again. his brother recalls. Once Doodlle realizes that walking is is a feasible and attainable goal, he begins to do it for his own benefit, as well as his brothers. Doodle is determined to please his brother. Throughout the time when Doodle does not have faith in his ability to walk, he persists anyway. This is because he wants to make his brother happy . As long as his brother is spending time with him, and it is till apparent to Doodle that it is because he cares, Doodle will do anything to maintain this relationship. Doodle doesnt know of his brothers selfish reasons to spend time with him. He innocently sees it as the regular exchange of brotherly love and care. Not once in the story does his brother say Come on, Doodle- I know you can do it! , or Great job! Lets try it one more time , or give him any other words of encouragement whatsoever. Still, Doodle doesnt need to hear these words. His only motivation is to make his brother proud.

The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love Essay Example

The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love Essay The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell are both love poems written in the 17th Century, although they have both been written in contrasting formats. In this essay I will be discussing how John Donne and Andrew Marvell have approached the topic of the love and decide which poem I find most effective. John Donne and Andrew Marvells women both seem to be very important to them and for similar reasons. John Donne treats his woman as a trophy for his male ego; Shes all states, and all Princes I; Nothing else is. This shows that although it is obvious that she is very important to him, she seems as more of an accessory this is because physical love is more important than spiritual love to John Donne because as they have already consummated their love he would rather stay in bed with her than do anything else. Busy old fool, unruly Sun, Why dost thou thus, Through windows and through curtains call on us? Must to thy motions lovers seasons run? Andrew Marvell also views physical love as being more important than spiritual love because he wouldnt love his mistress if she was ugly, And your quaint honour turn to dust, and into ashes all my lust. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, Andrew Marvell is aware that his mistress deserves to be adored, so after having said that he would devote thirty thousand years to worshipping every part of her, he then goes on to say: And the last age should show your heart; For, Lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate. Another sign that Andrew Marvell may actually love his mistress is that although he doesnt say her name, he refers to her as mistress in the title; when the poem was written, mistress was a term used for an object of desire this could prove that despite the initial reaction to Andrew Marvells poem, he could really prefer spiritual love, although he could just be trying to flatter his mistress. Time is an important issue in both poems, yet both poets have different views of the importance of time. In The Sun Rising by John Donne, he makes it clear that he believes that when you are in love, time should not be an issue. Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. John Donne also seems to not be looking into the future, because whereas Andrew Marvell tends to focus on death, John Donne is focused on that particular moment, and that moment happens to be when he would like more time in bed with his lover, this could also make John Donne look arrogant. Andrew Marvell however, treats time as more of a threat and an annoyance to him and his mistress. Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness lady, were no crime. Andrew Marvells fear of time can be seen as a compliment to his mistress because he is scared of time because when time runs out and they die, they will be parted permanently. The style and tone of To his Coy Mistress is very negative, its shows how pessimistic Andrew Marvell can be. Andrew Marvell is also very blunt and straight to the point, And now, like amorous birds of prey, rather at once our time devour than languish in his slow-chapt power. This also shows how passionate Andrew Marvell was when he wrote the poem, which can be a compliment to his mistress. However, although he has written the poem in a way that does compliment his mistress, it isnt very personal, so it could be that he is going to use this poem for any mistress that he may have at any time. John Donne took a completely different approach to Andrew Marvells sensitive yet blunt approach; John Donne is aggressive and argumentative, Busy old fool, unruly sun. He is also threatening, I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. John Donne is also witty and shows how clever he is by having an argument with the sun (this is the conceit in the poem), and since thy duties be to warm the world , thats done in warming us. This also shows John Donnes sarcasm. One of the main themes in To His Coy Mistress is carpe diem (seize the day). This shows his awareness that death is inevitable, so he believes that he and his mistress should cherish the time that they do have together. But at my back I always hear, Times winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie, Deserts of vast eternity. This also shows that Andrew Marvell doesnt believe in life after death, so he must therefore value his time even more. The graves a fine and private place, But none, I think, do there embrace. Whereas John Donne takes an opposing view of the issue of life and death, and, unlike Andrew Marvells pessimistic approach, he is takes an optimistic attitude. I think that he has taken this approach because he seems to think that rather than worry that there isnt an afterlife, he should just live each day as it comes, and in this case all he wants to do is spend some more time with his lover because he believes that when two people are in love, time should n ot be an issues. Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. John Donnes intention is to demonstrate how clever and witty he is. He also wants to show his lover that the point of living is to be in love, Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere. He also wants to show that he believes that social ranking is subordinate to love, he does this by showing how he thinks that he is far more important than the King, Go tell the court-huntsmen that the king will ride. Whereas Andrew Marvell has more sincere reasons to write this poem, he wants his mistress to realise how short time is, for her benefit and for his. He also doesnt want her to die as a virgin and to open up to him as they have little time left and he believes that it will be impossible for them to be together when they die, Had we but world enough and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime. My final reason as to why Andrew Marvell wrote the poem is because he wants to show off his skill as a poet so that he can impress his mistress. So in conclusion, I think that Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress is most effective as, although I question his intentions, he compliments his mistress in many ways, for example: he says that he is willing to spend thirty thousand years worshipping every part of her body, his desperation to value their time as time is running out is also flattering to his mistress because it shows that he is willing to spend the time he has left with her, rather than anyone else. I also think that To His Coy Mistress is more effective than The Sun Rising because in The Sun Rising John Donne looks quite arrogant and doesnt seem to care about his woman very much he seems more interested in himself and how he wants more time in bed. He also looks arrogant because he seems to think that he is more important than the king; Go tell the court-huntsmen that the king will ride. Another reason that Andrew Marvells poem is more effective than John Donnes is because John Donne makes it quite clear that all he is interested in is physical love, whereas Andrew Marvell seems to have an equal balance because although he makes it clear that he wants a physical relationship with his mistress, he also is aware that she needs to be and deserves to be adored, he shows this by after having said that he would spend thirty thousand years worshipping her, he goes on to say; And the last age should show your heart; For, Lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate. Andrew Marvell also has sincere reasons to write his poem, he wants his mistress to realise how short time is, for her benefit and for his. He also doesnt want her to die as a virgin and to open up to him as they have little time left and he believes that it will be impossible for them to be together when they die, Had we but world enough and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime.

Invasion of Australia essays

Invasion of Australia essays Invasion, Settlement or Colonisation For over 60,000 years Aboriginal people lived on this continent, owning, caring for and being sustained by the land. With their deep knowledge of nature and respect for the environment in which they lived, they developed a successful economy and a rich spiritual and cultural life. 1788 saw the arrival of Europeans and the decimation of the aboriginal people. 1. Enter territory with armed forces to attack, damage or occupy it. 2. Crowd in; tourists invaded the city. 3. Penetrate harmfully; the disease had invaded all parts of the body. Invasion suggests that there was already an inhabitant of the land and that the land of the inhabitants was. It also suggests that there was force used in claiming the land from its original inhabitants through use of military force. The European government that came to colonise Australia referred to the land as Terra Nullius, which means land that belongs to no one. They divided up land that was not theirs and built houses and farms. The aborigines were seen as savages. 1. Not civilized; barbaric: a savage people. 2. Ferocious; fierce: in a savage temper. The Aborigines were forced off their native land and when they opposed they were shot, hung or executed by other means. One such occasion was the Battle of Pinjarra. They might have called it the Battle of Pinjarra but like all of the massacres of the Aborigines it was more a case of wholesale slaughter than of some equally poised, European-style battle. Wrote Bruce Elder in his book Blood on the Wattle: the massacres and maltreatment of Australian Aborigines. Invasion, Settlement or Colonisation When the continent was invaded by Europeans in the nineteenth century, the White historians who wrote about Australia included a section on the nati ...

Distinctive Features of a Reflection Essay, Definition of a Reflective Essay

Distinctive Features of a Reflection Essay, Definition of a Reflective Essay How to Write a Reflective Essay Reflective essay  by definition is a kind of writing that requires the author to inform the reader about his or her attitude, idea or impression regarding a given topic. Alternatively, writing reflective essays is meant to help its author describe how a certain event, person or experience has impacted him or her; or to describe the process of his or her personal growth during an academic course or some other significant experience (this can be a journey, an important class etc). For example, you may be required to write about a person who has had a significant impact on your life or career – it can be your teacher, your parents or your friend. In this case, you will be writing to describe this person and explain how he or she has affected you and how your personality changed as a result. Distinctive Features of a Reflective Essay Reflecting the author’s inner world, relating feelings and emotions pertaining to the described events and experiences are the most important features of a reflective essay. As a matter of fact, the essay has received its name because its main purpose is to reflect the author’s personality. Very often this type of essay is mistakenly understood as informative essay and students merely give an account of events or experiences. A simple enumeration of facts doesn’t make the essay reflective; in order to become one, it has to reflect the author’s inner world in relation to the described events. Let’s take a look at a quick example. Let’s imagine you have visited Tibet last summer. In an informative essay, you would inform your reader how you prepared, how you got there, what means of transport you used etc. In a reflective essay, you would tell your reader how you got interested in going there, what feelings you experienced during your visit and how it affected you as a personality. In the first case you enumerate events one by one; in the second case, you share your thoughts and feelings with your reader. This is what makes a reflective essay different from other essay types. Educational Purpose This type of essay is normally assigned during high school and college years with the purpose of giving students the opportunity to analyze their own experiences and skills. In this case, the object of analysis is students themselves; this essay type allows them to contemplate about things they might have been taking for granted. Another case when this type of essay can be assigned is when there is a need to better understand the personality of the interviewee. Reflective essays are also written while applying for college. The high number of college applicants makes competition incredibly tough; as a result, college admission officers require prospective students to write such essays – only thus can they pick out best candidates. They are looking at a number of things, including maturity, learning skills as well as the ability to analyze and think critically etc. The need to do reflective writing arises in everyday life too; therefore developing this skill is critical. Reflective Essay Outline In its basic form, a reflective essay will take the common essay structure: Introduction: This section should be the shortest; usually only one paragraph that establishes the frame of your personal reflection in a clear and concise manner. This is often achieved using reflective statements, then pointed sentences that describe the key ideas of reflective essay. For example, â€Å"the structure instilled in me by my baseball coaches has made me more organized and focused throughout my academic career†, or â€Å"I believe my membership on the school debate team has been the single largest contributor to my research skills today.† Body: The body paragraphs are where you can be more creative with your space and structure. Some reflection papers resemble narratives in which the writer tells their story from the perspective of how their experiences have impacted their personal growth and development. In the body of the essay, it is important to use descriptive language to differentiate between simply a retelling of key events and a rich narrative that exhibits true personal reflection. Conclusion:  In your conclusion, typically another single paragraph, you should avoid simply restating the reflective statements used in the introduction. Instead, remind your reader of the links between your experiences and the impacts these experiences have had on your development in the areas targeted, whether you’re focusing on growth academically, professionally or otherwise. More about essay structure: How to Write a Well-Structured Essay Language and Tone A reflective essay is supposed to reveal your thoughts, feelings, and emotions. It requires your presence in the text of the paper. The use of personal ‘I’ in this type of paper is ok. You can also use other personal pronouns like ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ etc. This will make your essay more personal. Most other essay types require objectivity and impersonality; however, this is not the case. Referencing is not needed in 9 cases out of 10; however, some reflective essays will require you to back up your claims by making a reference to a reputable source of information. Be prepared to run a background research to back up your claims and read instructions carefully. Choosing a Topic Deciding on a topic for your reflection paper can be difficult, and ultimately the topic must be based on what experiences in your life you think will best exhibit your growth in the way you intend to present it in your personal reflection. With that in mind, here are some ideas to get you started. These topic suggestions are separated into categories from easy, marked by simpler topics that can be developed in a shorter period of time or space, to difficult, which contain more complex themes and must be described in a longer and more drawn out format. Reflective Essay Topics Easy reflective essay topics: 1. A happy event from childhood or another time, and how it has affected your life. 2. An early memory, positive or negative that impacted the way you have grown up. 3. An event, like a celebration or holiday that has led to changes in the way you think or behave over time. 4. A new person in your life; what was your first impression and how did meeting them affect the way you have developed as a person? 5. Lessons learned through experiences in school Medium reflective essay topics: 1. A first job or internship; think about skills you learned and relationships you made and how they have impacted your life. 2. A complex relationship or first love; new emotions and experiences are often the catalysts for personal development and change. 3. Any experience that leads to self-improvement, from a mental, physical or emotional standpoint. 4. A family vacation or other family experience that led to self-discovery or change in your interaction with your family members. 5. The death of a close family member or friend and how it has affected you over time. Difficult reflective essay topics:   1. The first experience with a group of people different than you, and how gaining understanding led to a personal change. 2. An experience in which you feared for your own safety and how overcoming or surviving the event changed you. 3. A great accomplishment, such as athletic or academic excellence, and the personal steps necessary to accomplish it. 4. A lifelong regret that has affected your actions and attitude since the event. It is important to remember: while these suggestions are for varying levels of complexity, any topic can be described with more or less depth to fit the requirements of your unique personal reflection. Reflective Essay Format Depending on your school, subject, and even essay topic, you might be required to format your writing in accordance with different standards. Most typical referencing styles are MLA and APA. These referencing styles tend to evolve over time, so be sure to consult respective manuals for updates. We hope you find these tips useful when working on your project.   Our professional team of writers knows perfectly what it takes to write a perfect reflective essay. For best results, will be asking you to cooperate with your writer to provide your personal input, while the writer will then give your essay the necessary shape, will think of the introduction, essay organization, structure and language. The experience we have accumulated in the process allows us to complete this task effectively and within the deadline. guarantees you consistently high results with your essay writing, so save time for yourself order now! To get the idea of how much our services will cost for you, check out our Discount table.

Working in Organisations - What do people want from work Assignment

Working in Organisations - What do people want from work - Assignment Example People do have certain expectations from the place they work. Some people work to fulfill their basic necessities, some others work to explore their potentials, and few others to achieve their goals and objectives. The primary factor that comes to mind when talking about work is money. This is said to be on the list of priority and the foremost reason, why people want to work. People wish to work for a better pay, and for a better life style for which money is the key factor that motivates them to work and to increase their expectations to work for an organization. Another factor that people want from their work is satisfaction. People work as a team in an organization both to help others and to help themselves for which they get paid and thus they derive satisfaction with this kind of an activity. People tend to have a look out for social interactions in the organizational environment. For example, if one has to go to work, complete the day’s task, and has to come back and ha s no interactions at any point, is said to become redundant, and thus the person’s work impacts his performance and achievements, personally and professionally. If the person goes about in this manner, he might turn out to be anti-social at times. Thus with the work culture in the organization, people want to be socially active where most of the social needs are taken care of. Most people have set of varied reasons as to what they want from work and how they attain the same. They work for money, fun, social interactions and relations etc. According to Abraham Maslow who proposed in his paper, (A Theory of Human Motivation, 1943), talks about different cycles where human beings have varied expectations at different phases of life. His model is said to have five phases, starting with the bottom phase that talks about the most basic needs, and after this safety is the next phase, after the safety factor the expectation of humans was for love and belongingness factors, the next p hase is the self esteem where the humans have the zeal to attain respect and have achievements in life, and the top most phase as defined by Maslow was self actualization, which means that a person being more innovative, open to challenges, and moral. To correlate Maslow’s theory of different phases of what people want out of work is, they tend to move on and grow at each phase, and a specific set of necessities are fulfilled at each level they grow. This helps them further to attain more to achieve more. At the initial stages a person works to fulfill his basic wants of life. As this is fulfilled he works to earn for a better living, and as and when these basic necessities are being met, he is then motivated to work for aspects like meeting his targets, challenges, recognition at work etc. On the other hand, people work not just with the mentioned objectives. They have their own specific reasons and objectives to work and their expectations would differ vastly. This is becau se of a variety of opinions and views coming up from different people and, at times it gets tougher for the employer to analyse and address the aspirations of the people in a particular organization in diverse forms. What do people want from, work: To analyse the thin line of what do the people want from work in the organization is drawn with the set of various factors that create the environment for people to work and also to have certain expectations accordingly. Respect that one receives at work is derived from the work culture that is followed in the organization. The fact that one works in an organization for a longer period of time is a clear sign that the person has gained respect on all grounds, no matter what job is being

Child Soldiers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Child Soldiers - Essay Example A growing phenomenon around the world is respect for international law. These are principle that nations agree to abide by. One growth area in this part of law and one issue that is highly contentious is the use of child soldiers in conflicts. This has been especially happening over the last twenty years. Some suggest there are nearly half a million child soldiers active in the majority of the world’s continuing conflicts. Using children to fight wars is not only morally abhorrent, but very bad very the physical and mental health of the children in question. That is in part why a series of international laws and treaties have come into effect to try to deal with this scourge. But the issue is more complicated than that. While child soldiers are victims of war crimes, they too can also perpetrate serious breaches of the law of armed conflict. Under normal circumstances, individuals who commit such acts, be they combatants or not, would be vulnerable to prosecution. However, bec ause children in such situations are victims as well as perpetrators and because of the special protections afforded to children under international law, many have questioned whether or not children can be prosecuted for these egregious violations of the law of armed conflict. But a larger question is are states being prevented from using child soldiers by international law? Are the laws robust enough to prevent this situation from occurring in the future? The answer must sadly be no. Countries in Africa remain the worst offenders in terms of employing girls and boys to do fighting. Often they are drugged and abused. They live for the rest of their lives with the knowledge of their crimes. The world is changing. International law is increasing its purview. But the scourge of child soldiers remains. We must take more steps to combat this.

Organizational Structure Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structure Essay In this paper, I will analyze the elements of a job analysis and discuss its significance to the hiring and employee development aspects of human resource management. I will describe the importance of a PAQ, proposing two ways the results can be used to redesign a customer service job for efficiency. I will develop two strategies that HR professionals can in the selection for a customer service position using a Fleishman Job Analysis System. I will examine the challenges for designing this job for efficiency and suggest two ways to redesign it. Finally, I will propose three ways a HR manager can use the information from a job analysis to measure the performance of customer service representatives. One of the most important aspects of human resources is recruiting. In order to recruit the best applicants, job recruiters have to be knowledgeable in all aspects of the position. The best source of information about a position comes from a job analysis. A job analysis is the process of getting detailed information about jobs. A job analysis helps recruiters to match job requirements with the best applicants. It is also essential in employee development, performance appraisals and compensation. A job analysis includes many steps but only three elements. Those elements are the sources of job information, the job specification and the job description. The first element of the job analysis is the source of information used. In doing the analysis, human resource professionals gather information about jobs through interviewing employees, observing performance of certain tasks, asking employees to fill out questionnaires and worksheets, and collecting information about a job from secondary sources. Other sources within the company include existing job descriptions and supervisors. Some of those  secondary sources include existing job analysis information from a competitor and O*NET. Next, the job specification includes the tasks that make up the job, the conditions under which the job is performed and what the job requires in terms of aptitude, knowledge, skills and abilities (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014). This will provide a lot of data. It measures the amount of time the employee spends on major duties. It provides a description of the major duties in order of importance. It determines whether any licensures, certificates or security clearances are needed to perform the job, as well as the physical, environmental and mental demands of a position. This information is essential in creating a job description. The last element is the job description. â€Å"A job description is a list the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that a job entails (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014).† A well-written job description can sell jobs to perspective employees and develop training programs as a job position evolves. Sometimes the needs of business changes and therefore some duties may change within a position. â€Å"For the employer, the job description is often used as a recruiting tool and by supervisors to outline position expectations. The job description may be used to indicate salary or reporting structure and as a reference during performance evaluations (Richards, 2014).† Once all the information has been assembled for a job analysis, it can be further analyzed by using a position analysis questionnaire (PAQ). â€Å"A PAQ is a standardized job analysis questionnaire containing 194 questions about work behaviors, work conditions, and job characteristics that apply to a wide variety of jobs (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014).† The purpose of the questionnaire is to measure the job characteristics and its relation to the human characteristics. The PAQ can be used for a few different things. Common uses include developing a compensation model, selection criteria for a specific job and to study the nature of work (PAQ.com, 2014). A PAQ can be used to redesign a customer service job to be more efficient and improve quality. â€Å"Using the PAQ provides an organization with information that helps in comparing jobs, even when they are dissimilar (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014).† In making those comparisons, analyzers might find ways to be more efficient. The collected data from this approach helps in developing or revising a job description. In the customer service business the needs of each customer can vary. Therefore, responsibilities of a customer service representative can vary to meet those needs. Those things might not be listed in the job description but will need to be added in order to keep the job description updated. Furthermore, information learned from the PAQ helps in evaluating the position for appropriate classification. A good source to use for worker requirements is the Fleishman Job Analysis system. The Fleishman Job Analysis system (F-JAS) is a job analysis technique that asks subject-matter experts to evaluate a job in terms of the abilities required to perform the job (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2014).† Because the results of a F-JAS, provides a picture of the ability requirements of a job, than recruiters know what abilities to scan for when reviewing resumes. Typing skills might be a skill that is important in a customer service position. The F-JAS can give us an idea of just how important typing is to a job so that we would be able to make reasonable accommodations for an applicant with disabilities. Human resource professionals can also use F-JAS to update job descriptions. As processes change the need for some abilities change as things may become automated, therefore job responsibilities change. â€Å"Kannisto adds, â€Å"With the compliance environment and legal implicati ons, the stakes are a lot higher for job descriptions to be crystal clear with essential responsibilities. If you have a measure of performance that doesn’t appear on the job description and you have a case brought against you, depending on the agency [involved], there could be punishment,† he explains (Tyler, 2013).† When considering the job of a customer service representative (CSR) who handles consumer inquiries for a company that sells items online and by catalog, a few challenges of designing this job for efficiency, come to  mind. The first challenge that comes to mind is monotony. Over time, employees will be bored of doing the same job over and over. Even more so if the job is divided into departments, such as sales, returns and customer service, employees will lose interest. A suggestion for redesigning the customer service representative position is job enlargement. Employees might find the job more engaging if all the calls came through on department. We could cross-train employees to be able to handle all the calls that come through the queue. Another suggestion is job rotation. Maybe every week, we could rotate the tasks. We could also make some customer services responses automated for customers. So if a customer wanted to check status on an order, we could generate a system automa ted response so that those calls don’t come into the call center. Another challenge for designing a customer service representative job is defining authority. Sometimes, customer service requires problem solving and quick decisions. Waiting to speak to a manager can be frustrating for the customer and it makes the employee look incompetent, because it increases hold time. The employee probably feels impotent having to get permission to make a decision, especially when they know what to do. A suggestion for redesigning the CSR’s position is job enrichment. CSR’s need a certain amount of authority when it comes to resolving customer service issues. This is a way to raise productivity levels and employee satisfaction from a sense of personal achievement in taking ownership of problems and meeting the challenge of increased responsibility. A human resource manager (HRM) can use the information obtained from job analysis to measure the performance of a customer service representative. Job analysis is a set of procedures or methods for determining what workers actually do on the job and for describing which aspects of worker knowledge, skill, ability, and other characteristics are needed for job performance. This process defines a productive employee and gives human resource managers a place to start for measuring performance. One way HRM can use this information is in making personnel decisions. This tool can help determine whether an employee should receive a promotion, transfer, pay increase or be fired. It can also be used for employee development. A performance  appraisal will determine the strengths and weaknesses of employees. This is key to helping our CSR’s grow, because we can create training programs to increase their skills levels. Taking the time to strengthen their weaknesses will make them perform better, which is great for the company. Finally, the performance appraisal can be used as documentation to protect a company from lawsuits, because it is used as the basis for personnel decisions. In conclusion, the job analysis is the foundation of most human resource functions. With its use, job descriptions are created and updated which standardizes recruiting. It is a perfect outline for measuring performance of new and existing employees. Job analysis provides training and employee growth opportunities. Personnel decisions are also validated by job analysis, because it creates a system of checks and balances for hiring, performance appraisals, promotion and demotion and/or firing. Works Cited Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 103). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 107). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, (2014). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (5th ed., p. 108). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. PAQ.com. (2014). The paq program. Retrieved from http://www.paq.com/?FuseAction=Main.PAQProgram Richards, F. (2014). Key parts to job descriptions. The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved from http://work.chron.com/key-parts-job-descriptions-12366.html Tyler, K. (2013, Jan. 01). Job worth doing: Update descriptions. Retrieved from http://www.shrm.org/publications/hrmagazine/editorialcontent/2013/0113/pages/0113-job-descriptions.aspx

Dianne Williams Stepps The Filbert Orchard portrays a uniquely Essays

Dianne Williams Stepp's The Filbert Orchard portrays a uniquely haunting experience. Dianne Williams Stepp's "The Filbert Orchard" portrays a uniquely haunting experience. The poem blaintly attempts to draw the reader in through its critical lense and perspective. Stepp's usage of many carefully connected literary devices creates a distinctive tone, effect, and message that exposes the tragedy behind southern ideology and values during the civil war. The success of "The Filbert Orchard" can then be traced to its tight construction and use of historical references portrayed through literary detail. Stepp's choice of both imagery and metaphor comprise the poems strength in terms of its overall effect and message. Stepp utilizes imagery as a means of developing her message about southern ideology. This can be seen at various points in the poem where emotions, sights, sounds, objects, places, and figures are all being used to demonstrate the purposely behind a lost generation. In that they are continuing to fight even though family and friends may be on either sides. The author is thus indirectly questioning the ethical and moral nature of the south portrayed through her obvious literary judgments: "the way they staggered in rows down the hill. In spring they sprouted sparse flags waved them foolishly at the jays." (Stepp, lines 4-7) In this example Stepp vividly uses the description of a tree for representation of the lost generations pride. Their pride in the sense of fighting a war that seems not worth fighting for both because of the scarcity of men and their inescapable death. Stepp also accomplishes her message through metaphorical comparisons, which aid in expressing the south's futility: "A compa... ... of a story. The ending changes that perspective and shifts the major themes of loss and disullisionment towards a more local individual level The close attention given to literary elements ultimately enables "The Filbert Orchard" to achieve an extreme level of insight into the southern identity and culture during the civil war. Through its exploration of southern values translated into a vivid storyline the reader is blown away by its short profound thematic integration. The poem is aided by its progressive literal development from appealing to the general society to the localized individual. The journey becomes compounded with introspection because of its ornate literary devices. PS MS KASTE: Did you choose this poem because of your interest in Faulkner and its relatable themes? What is your connection or fascination with literature about the south?

The Voice You Hear Within

Oden 1 Jessica Oden Dr. Willis English Comp II February 20th 2013 â€Å"The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently† There are many works or art and literature that deal with one of the most intriguing and mysterious phenomenons in the world, the human mind. Like death, and the content of the heavens, it is a secret that can not be unlocked, and possibly the most personal and valuable secret. The mystery lies in the uniqueness of the individual brain with specific dreams and ideas that can not be copied or compared. This constant inconsistency makes stunning the mind basically impossible. There could be rooms filled with charts, diagrams, studies, and experiments to due with the human mind, and probably are, but there is no control group and therefore no definite answer can be reached. Even if an answer could be found, what is the question? The human mind is infinitely and simultaneously complex and simple, much like the poems of Thomas Lux (â€Å"Thomas Lux†). In Lux's poem â€Å"The Voice You Hear When You Read silently† he attempts to corner and identify one aspect of the ever mysterious mind. That voice heard only in the mind. The voice that remembers everything, that reflects integrity or lack there of, and finally that explains the world to one person only, forever. The conversation between the mind's voice and mind's eye is an intimate one that can not be overheard. Perception is the transfer of information from the senses to the brain, and that ever present inner voice is narrating the whole process. Everything seen, smelled, tasted, etc†¦ is recorded into the brain, and this information provides the basis for the connotation of everything perceived from that point on, Oden 2 so that the perception of the world changes constantly and in direct relation to how much exposure there is to new and unfamiliar things. Therefore the voice of the mind is constantly growing and expanding and developing a character all of its own. This character of the mind is what Lux is harping on in his poem, by explaining that no voices can be the same. He explains that this internal monologuer has the ability to see situations in jaded way and therefore the person will see them that way also. Chelsea Craig defined this phenomenon in a very accurate and descriptive manner: â€Å"This powerful and moving voice is enriched by my past, declares my present, and may even foretell what is to come. †(Craig 3) She gave this comment after reading Lux's work and ignoring it for some time (Craig 3). When she revisited the poem, she found that it contained an inherent truth about herself and every other human (Craig 3). Where does this voice of the mind reside? It seems to be rooted in the subconscious, which is the area of the brain that processes our perceptions and makes them real ideas that we can call upon and that sometime reveal themselves randomly to us in flashes and dreams. When these ideas cross over from the sub- to the consciene, there is a voice there to explain it all to the perceive. Lux refers to this part of the mind as a ‘dark cathedral† seeming to compare the human subconscious to a holy vessel of information that must be valued and cared for, and so out of this cathedral comes knowledge of a world that is difficult to understand even still. Reading is on of the best ways to stimulate the mind and feed your subconscious with the images and feelings revealed from the book. The feelings invoked my the writer, the images portrayed by the poet, are all decipher by a private, bias critical voice inside the mind. This voice is very selective and controlling. It will take the information provided and run it through many filters before opening it up to the rest of your mind, which is does with bias and judgment and opinion. This may seem unfair, but a person directly controls what their subconscious observes by controlling how much Oden 3 of the world they are willing to be exposed to. The example that Lux gives in his poem to illustrate the differences in the mind from over person to the next. The barn to one person could be a symbol of free time from kids running around an empty field with an abandoned building, that brings feelings of curiosity and intrigue from the children who saw it, to the parents of the children who see the barn as dangerous and ugly. The dreamers and seniors will have yet another idea of what a barn is. The expression Lux uses, â€Å"a sensory constellation is lit† explains how that voice takes in everything that is perceive by all the senses and makes since of them, like the figurative lighting of a light bulb above the head when an epiphany is reached or an idea is conceived (Lux). The sound of the voice of the mind, though a figurative idea, is also important and directly related to the person who owns that voice. In the first part of the poem, Lux repeats the word ‘say' in different forms, emphasizing with repetition that the mind can actually ‘hear' this voice and that the tone of it reflects and illustrates the connotation of the words being ‘said' (Lux). Each inner voice has its very own unique timbre, with its own unique accent derived from the experiences and actions of the person who conceived it. The poet used a noun to explain this idea, but alluded to the effect of ‘stronger' words of a sentence such as the verb or the subject. To take this part of the equations deeper, consider that the subject and verb makes the sentence. So to expand, if just the word ‘barn' can mean so many different things to different people, look at the entire sentence. Such as, for example, â€Å"She was taken into the barn. † This is a very simple sentence with neutral words, but the inner voice can interpret it as the actions of a hero or a villain. On the one hand, a farmer could be carrying a pregnant goat into the barn to be warm while she gives birth, on the other a stranger could be carrying a young girl into the barn with evil intentions. None of this is given to the reader in the sentence and so this inner voice uses Oden 4 what it knows to guess at the meaning of the sentence. The point of this poem is to uncover some of the mystery of the human mind, but seems to only illustrate that fact that it is infinitely mysterious. There is no way to ‘hear' another person's inner voice or understand the conceptions of another entirely. There are phrases such as â€Å"I know how you feel†, or â€Å"I can relate† that seem to imply otherwise, however these phrases are generalizations, and in and of themselves subject to the connotation given them by the inner voice. Does the person really understand or are they being sarcastic? Do they really have a clue what the other person is feeling? No, it is impossible to completely put their thinking cap on and hear the voice that whispers to them, interpreting the world and everything in it, individually for that person. Oden 5 1.Works Cited Lux, Thomas â€Å"the Voice you hear when you read silently†. ed. Vivian Garcia Edgar V. 2.Roberts Lehman cCollege The City University of New York Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, fifth compact edition, Longman 2012 Print. 3.â€Å"Thomas Lux†. Poetry Foundation. Chicago, IL 2012 http://www. poetryfoundation. org/bio/thomas-lux Web. Craig, Chelsea. 4.â€Å"Slow Down to Hear Your Inner Voice† University of Wisconsin. 2012 Http://liberaleducation. uswa. edu/scholarship/2ndAnnual/Chelsea_Craig. pdf Web.

Why We Hate the Smart Kids

Shamyra Jones Vejea Jennings English 097 March 23, 2013 Why Do We Hate The Smart Kids? My initial reaction to Grant Penrod essay was flabbergasting because even thou I am not in high school anymore I could look back and remember how all the jocks did get more recognition then the nerds. In my days at school the nerds were the smart people or the teacher’s pet. According to Grant Penrod, â€Å"Social stereotypes began to emerge as early as high school. †(Grant. Chapter 57 Pg. 692) I agree with Grant because I remember when I was in the 10th grade walking with my friend Amber. e would always hang out in the quad area because that’s where all the popular kids hung out until one day we asked each other, â€Å" Why don’t we ever hang out in the back?. † So we were heading down to the back of the school, and as eyes took in the scenery Amber whispered, â€Å"We can’t stay here. † We knew we couldn’t stay because everyone in the back w as â€Å"nerds† or Geeks† and we didn’t want to be perceived as any one of those titles so we scurried to the quad again. But you have to ask yourself,† If teenagers judge the smart kids, then how does society judge other groups? But being Invisible follows you into adulthood it does not end in high school because if someone was to invent something new and helpful and it became a success a very few people would know who invented the item, and that’s because the name of the person is not gloried as much as the creation. â€Å"Ignoring intellectuals both in both in school and later on in life crushes its victims. † (Grant . Chapter 57 pg. 694) When I was younger my parents always scolded at me, â€Å"you have to get an education, and if you don’t you will be jobless and out on the streets! And I would always reply back, â€Å"Then why do alot of football players and majority of the actors do and didn’t even finish high school. Wh y do they make more than people who actually graduated college? † That question is always in the back of my mind. â€Å" Why do people who spend years in school make minimum wage but the people who are actors or rappers make billions of dollars and barely have any education?. † That’s a question I always wanted to ask but no one, not even my parents, seem to have the answer.Personally I think teachers should make the most since they are ones who actually teach everyone; including the doctors, nurses and firefighters. But it seems like everything is backwards: Instead the actors making billions and trillions, it should be the people who save like firefighters and doctors. I never quite understood it but what’s to understand. I was never into popularity like my peers were because I was brought up on being the â€Å"Smart kid† and don’t be a statistic. Related essay: Example Essay: How to Study SmartMy parents believed if you joined tons of clubs in middle school and in high school you get good grades in all the four years you were in high school then you would go to an excellent University and live comfortable for the rest of your life. My parents encouraged me to be â€Å"The nerd. † Don’t fit in! But like Grant mentioned in his essay that nerds are never gloried as much as the football players. Even thou I wasn’t into popularity I still wanted to be acknowledged for my intellectuality which was belittled.But wanting to â€Å"fit in† in high school was common, no one wants the title â€Å"nerds†, because if you are a nerd then you are never asked out, never invited to any parties or have any friends just because you are a nerd. â€Å"Nerds† are excluded from social activity because of their label, and that label in turn intensifies through the resulting lack of social contact. † (Gr ant Penrod) It could be due to the media because majority broadcast you don’t have to be smart to be successful.And if you look on the internet and see how much doctors make verses singers it is a big difference. I am not saying all singers or rappers didn’t go to school or/and they are not smart, but some do not have doctorates and make 80,000 a day. Lawyers don’t even make that much and they been in school for years. For being in school all those years you would think it would pay off. If I were a kid now I would think,† why go to school if I could just become a rapper or a singer and make more than people who actually go to school for years? That is the way a lot of teenagers are thinking; about dropping out of high school because a lot of my guy friends are dropouts because they are noticing rappers are making more than people who graduated colleges. â€Å"Most people affected by the media are teenagers† (Grant Penrod). But that is because a lot of teenagers do what they call â€Å"what’s in†. If smoking is cool then majority of the teens will do it just because everyone is doing it . Some nerds will also go that far just to â€Å"fit in†. But fitting in does not guarantee automatically popularity.I think you don’t have to hide your intellectuality for other people benefits, it’s not a handicap. It’s a gift that should be spread like a virus and acted upon on. You never know you may change someone life, you might inspire a drop-out to go back to school and get a degree because that is what we need in our society. Everyone is forgetting how important knowledge is and going for the short cut in life. Being someone helpful in the future requires enriching your knowledge; not just by improving it. When you enrich your knowledge you are improving for a better future; not just yours the generation next.

Another World essays

Another World essays Space travel has once been a dream of many Americans. With the current improvements in space travel the ability to travel in space might become possible for the average American. The possibility of orbiting the earth might become as easy as buying an airline ticket on-line. Many new improvements have been developed in space travel over the year. Current research is being done to develop aircrafts that will be able to take off from airports and then land there on the return back to earth. Mir space station was a jump start in the future of space travel. It influenced many companies to research and develop better aircrafts and space stations. The man thing that needs to be improved is the cost. Currently it cost $11,000 to transport a kilogram of weight into space. Worldwide companies are trying to cut this cost by one tenth the price. To do this we need to find better reusable concepts towards space flights. Current research is being done by developing aircrafts that can take off at airports then land again at the airport. Russia and the United States were the first 2 countries to take a giant step towards space travel and living in space. Together they planned out construction of the International Space Station (ISS). This station will be a multi-purpose facility that will be run by astronauts and will be equipped with living quarters and rooms for research. This project began in 1984 under President Reagan by coming up with ideas along with Canada, Japan, European countries, and Russia (joining later in 1993). The construction of the ISS began in 1998 with hopes of completion around 2014. The project will cost us 100 billion dollars. Numerous trips will take place to transport supplies to the ISS. To further develop space travel we must first finish the current project at hand. We are currently involved in constructing the International Space Station (ISS). If we finish this project it will ...

Examples of How to Write a Good Descriptive Paragraph

Examples of How to Write a Good Descriptive Paragraph A good descriptive paragraph is like a window into another world. Through the use of careful examples or details, an author can conjure a scene that vividly describes a person, place, or thing. The best descriptive writing appeals to multiple senses at once―smell, sight, taste, touch, and hearing―and is found in both fiction and nonfiction. In their own way, each of the following writers (three of them students, two of them professional authors) have selected a belonging or a place that holds special meaning to them. After identifying that subject in a clear topic sentence, they proceed to describe it in detail while explaining its personal significance. A Friendly Clown On one corner of my dresser sits a smiling toy clown on a tiny unicycle―a gift I received last Christmas from a close friend. The clowns short yellow hair, made of yarn, covers its ears but is parted above the eyes. The blue eyes are outlined in black with thin, dark lashes flowing from the brows. It has cherry-red cheeks, nose, and lips, and its broad grin disappears into the wide, white ruffle around its neck. The clown wears a fluffy, two-tone nylon costume. The left side of the outfit is light blue, and the right side is red. The two colors merge in a dark line that runs down the center of the small outfit. Surrounding its ankles and disguising its long black shoes are big pink bows. The white spokes on the wheels of the unicycle gather in the center and expand to the black tire so that the wheel somewhat resembles the inner half of a grapefruit. The clown and unicycle together stand about a foot high. As a cherished gift from my good friend Tran, this colorful figure gree ts me with a smile every time I enter my room. Observe how the writer moves clearly from a description of the head of the clown to the body to the unicycle underneath. There arent just sensory details for the eyes but also touch, in the description that the hair is made of yarn and the suit of nylon. Certain colors are specific, as in cherry-red cheeks and light blue, and descriptions help to visualize the object: the parted hair, the color line on the suit, and the grapefruit analogy. Dimensions overall help to provide the reader with the items scale, and the descriptions of the size of the ruffle and bows on the shoes in comparison to whats nearby provide telling detail. The concluding sentence helps to tie the paragraph together by emphasizing the personal value of this gift. The Blond Guitar by Jeremy Burden My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond guitar―the first instrument I taught myself how to play. Its nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed and scratched and fingerprinted. At the top is a bramble of copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off years ago. No, its not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make music, and for that I will always treasure it. Here, the writer uses a topic sentence to open his paragraph, then uses the following sentences to add specific details. The author creates an image for the minds eye to travel across by describing the parts of the guitar in a logical fashion, from the strings on the head to the worn wood on the body. He emphasizes its condition by the number of different descriptions of the wear on the guitar, such as noting its slight warp; distinguishing between scuffs and scratches; describing the effect that fingers have had on the instrument by wearing down its neck, tarnishing frets, and leaving prints on the body; listing both its chips and gouges and even noting their effects on the color of the instrument. The author even describes the remnants of missing pieces. After all that, he plainly states his affection for it. Gregory by Barbara Carter Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat. He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands. Gregory is as finicky about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious, but endearing, habits. The writer here focuses less on the physical appearance of her pet than on the cats habits and actions. Notice how many different descriptors go into just the sentence about how the cat walks: emotions of pride and disdain and the extended metaphor of the dancer, including the phrases the dance of disdain, grace, and ballet dancer. When you want to portray something through the use of a metaphor, make sure you are consistent, that all the descriptors make sense with that one metaphor. Dont use two different metaphors to describe the same thing, because that makes the image youre trying to portray awkward and convoluted. The consistency adds emphasis and depth to the description. Personification is an effective literary device for giving lifelike detail to an inanimate object or an animal, and Carter uses it to great effect. Look at how much time she spends on the discussions of what the cat takes pride in (or doesnt) and how it comes across in his attitude, with being finicky and jealous, acting to humiliate by spraying, and just overall behaving obnoxiously. Still, she conveys her clear affection for the cat, something to which many readers can relate. The Magic Metal Tube by Maxine Hong Kingston Once in a long while, four times so far for me, my mother brings out the metal tube that holds her medical diploma. On the tube are gold circles crossed with seven red lines each―joy ideographs in abstract. There are also little flowers that look like gears for a gold machine. According to the scraps of labels with Chinese and American addresses, stamps, and postmarks, the family airmailed the can from Hong Kong in 1950. It got crushed in the middle, and whoever tried to peel the labels off stopped because the red and gold paint came off too, leaving silver scratches that rust. Somebody tried to pry the end off before discovering that the tube falls apart. When I open it, the smell of China flies out, a thousand-year-old bat flying heavy-headed out of the Chinese caverns where bats are as white as dust, a smell that comes from long ago, far back in the brain. This paragraph opens the third chapter of Maxine Hong Kingstons The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts, a lyrical account of a Chinese-American girl growing up in California. Notice how Kingston integrates informative and descriptive details in this account of the metal tube that holds her mothers diploma from medical school. She uses color, shape, texture (rust, missing paint, pry marks, and scratches), and smell, where she has a particularly strong metaphor that surprises the reader with its distinctness. The last sentence in the paragraph (not reproduced here) is more about the smell; closing the paragraph with this aspect adds emphasis to it. The order of the description is also logical, as the first response to the closed object is how it looks rather than how it smells when opened. Inside District School #7, Niagara County, New York by Joyce Carol Oates Inside, the school smelled smartly of varnish and wood smoke from the potbellied stove. On gloomy days, not unknown in upstate New York in this region south of Lake Ontario and east of Lake Erie, the windows emitted a vague, gauzy light, not much reinforced by ceiling lights. We squinted at the blackboard, that seemed far away since it was on a small platform, where Mrs. Dietzs desk was also positioned, at the front, left of the room. We sat in rows of seats, smallest at the front, largest at the rear, attached at their bases by metal runners, like a toboggan; the wood of these desks seemed beautiful to me, smooth and of the red-burnished hue of horse chestnuts. The floor was bare wooden planks. An American flag hung limply at the far left of the blackboard and above the blackboard, running across the front of the room, designed to draw our eyes to it avidly, worshipfully, were paper squares showing that beautifully shaped script known as Parker Penmanship. In this paragraph (originally published in Washington Post Book World and reprinted in ​Faith of a Writer: Life, Craft, Art,) Joyce Carol Oates affectionately describes the one-room schoolhouse she attended from first through fifth grades. Notice how she appeals to our sense of smell before moving on to describe the layout and contents of the room. When you walk into a place, its overall smell hits you immediately, if its pungent, even before youve taken in the whole area with your eyes. Thus this choice of chronology for this descriptive paragraph is also a logical order of narration, even though it differs from the Hong Kingston paragraph. It allows the reader to imagine the room just as if he or she was walking into it. The positioning of items in relation to other items is on full display in this paragraph, to give people a clear vision of the layout of the place as a whole. For the objects inside, she uses many descriptors of what materials they are made from. Note the imagery portrayed by the use of the phrases gauzy light, toboggan, and horse chestnuts. You can imagine the emphasis placed on penmanship study by the description of their quantity, the deliberate location of the paper squares, and the desired effect upon the students brought about by this location. Source Oates, Joyce Carol. The Faith of a Writer: Life, Craft, Art. Kindle Edition, Reprint edition, HarperCollins e-books, March 17, 2009.

Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geography - Essay Example (2) I think that cloropleth maps can be an accurate representation of reality as long as statistical variables are properly classified. However, with regards to the boundary of Mexico and the United States, I think that it is more of a transition area of cultures. In this case, some weaknesses of cloropleth maps include its inability to depict accurately transition areas especially if qualitative variables are being depicted. (3) Latitudes actually measure a certain angular distance north or south from the equator and their lines run horizontally. Meanwhile, longitude measures east-west positions on the earth, and their lines run vertically. (4) A theocratic government is a kind of government wherein the state is actually governed by divine guidance; in this case, theocratic governments are usually ruled or heavily influenced by the clergy, and wherein religious laws are strictly enforced. Islamic countries that have adopted Islam as the official religion, and are governed by Islamic law (Sharia), are usually considered as theocracies; this includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Pakistan.

The Old Testament vs the New Testament in The Scarlet Letter (OLD) and Essay

The Old Testament vs the New Testament in The Scarlet Letter (OLD) and Moby Dick (NEW) - Essay Example The effect of sin upon the human soul is the prevailing theme in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Book: â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and he examined the unforgiving attitude of the Puritans towards sin in their treatment of adulteress Hester Prynne and their cruel punishment, which is akin to the harsh punishment and judgmental attitude of God as portrayed in the Old Testament. On the other hand, the book â€Å"Moby Dick† was written during the era of Protestantism when people were exhorted rather than coerced into conventional morality, where independence of thought and religion had set in and man was allowed a greater degree of flexibility in the wages for his sin, as exemplified in the New Testament through the teaching of Jesus where even the most grievous sinner could seek and find forgiveness. The quality of flexible thought is portrayed in the differing perspectives of the white whale that are presented in the book, Mody Dick. It may be viewed as an agent of evil or of good, depending upon the perspective of the viewer. This is the essence of the difference between the Old and New Testaments as well. As opposed to the harsh wages of sin in the Old Testament, the New Testament offers forgiveness to those who believe, therefore the wages of sin will depend upon the attitude of the sinner. The contrast between the attitude towards sin that is reflected in the old and New Testament is also revealed in the two works â€Å"Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"Moby Dick† with the former representing the path of the Old Testament and the latter the path of the New Testament. Hawthorne’s book centers around a female protagonist Hester Prynne, whose husband is captured in America and is away for many years. Hester commits adultery but refuses to divulge the name of her partner, who is later revealed to be none other than the priest of the community – Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester is publicly humiliated by the rigid Puritan society

International Tourism Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Tourism Development - Assignment Example One of the most notable projects of WTO is The Silk Road Project which revitalizes the ancient highways used by Marco Polo through tourism. This project was adhered to by 22 countries and stretches 12,000 km. Another is the creation of Task Force for Destination management which is a move to further decentralize tourism administration on a global scale. Some concerns of the task force include management of congestion at coastal destinations; economic measurement of tourism at the local level; destination marketing for cities; information and communication technologies; human resource development; and risk and crisis management at individual tourism destinations. This has significantly improved tourism destinations, especially in emerging economies.It is irrefutable that tourism depends on the economic conditions of different nations. Currently, this is reflected by the tourism activities of the growing economies like China, India, and Brazil. As economies grow, it is often expected t hat the level of disposable income also rises and a significant portion of this increase in income will be spent on tourism. This fact is mirrored by the current trend in tourism. As more emerging economies are growing, there is a stronger demand for tourism. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism for leisure surpasses tourism for business purposes in 2005.Sociocultural factors specifically the perceived importance of taking holidays and vacations are improving demand for tourism. The global mentality which is the current trend also increases the attractiveness of travel.Technological innovation also has a significant impact on the tourism industry specifically on how tourism business is conducted. The advent of internet technology proved to be highly beneficial in the marketing efforts of tourism companies. Consequently, firms are able to market at a lower cost, reaching more geographic locations and market at a faster and more efficient way. Another role of technolog y is the facilitation of e-conferences for the benefit of members.

Importance Of Tropical Rainforests Environmental Sciences Essay

Importance Of Tropical Rainforests Environmental Sciences Essay Recently the global climate changed anomalies, the temperature rise a lot in many countries in Europe, heat wave, hurricane caused many deaths in America, even Asia appear anomalous July snow weather and We all know that it is causing by climate change. For regulating climate, Rainforest play an important role, the destruction of tropical rainforest which is the most serious eco development problems encountered in recent decades. These tropical rainforest is not only for a variety of animals, plants, and insects, an important for living perches off environment and tropical rainforests are also closely associated with climate change. Human as short-sighted and completely selfishness , felling a large number of rainforests, not only will destroy the natural environment which makes a variety of biological extinction, and climate changed, the last human will peril. Location and distribution Tropical rainforests are located along the equator. Mostly between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer, This distance is thus called the band of the tropics. Solar energy will be most intense in this area because the sun will shin directly onto this area without giving an angle to it. The sun will shine all year long, about 12 hours a day thus providing enough energy for plants to do photosynthesis. The rainforests are distributed in South and Central America, Africa, Oceania (the island around Australia), and Asia. Although widely distributed, tropical rainforests cover only 7% of the earths surface. Climate Tropical forests are usually warm year around with temperatures from 72-93F. This is with the exception of cloud forest, which is usually cooler because of its high elevation. The temperature of the tropical rainforests usually stays the same all years long only with a small fluctuation that is only about 0.5F throughout the year. There is a high amount of cloud covering the tropical rainforests, which will result in the high humidity. This huge amount of cloud will also prevent the plants from dying out during the time of the year when rainfall is not as much. Because it will make the air moist and wet for the plants. Tropical rainforests are high rainfall. It was the rainfall that they experience each year them into the unique characteristics. The usual rainfall day is about 130-250 days per year and the humidity will always stay about 80%. The variation of the temperature of tropical rainforests is also very small between day and night, usually about 10F. Due to the huge amount of rainfall, tropical rainforest will not experience hot or cold seasons throughout the year, but it will experience wet and dry seasons. The humidity of tropical rainforests is resulted by the rainfall, constant cloud over, and transpiration of the leaves. Some larger rainforests contribute to the formation of train clouds, and generates about 75% of their own rain. The Deforestation of tropical rainforest Rainforests, being the earths greatest biological treasure, are important to us. However, we human being are losing more than half of it now. Unfortunately, in order to have access to resources such as wood, in order to create can be used for other purposes of the tropical rainforest land, deciduous forest and subjected to rapid destruction of today. Now, in the aftermath of the history of the tropical rain forest is the largest and the fastest pace of Habitat change and species extinction. Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutions in the atmosphere. The environmental experts estimated that we are losing 138 plants, insect species and animals in every single day due to rainforest deforestation. The importance of tropical rainforest: Regulating climate features: Rainforest will absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, oxygen on Earth by 40% of the total, are transmitted through the tropical rainforest in the Amazon area. Tropical rainforest is only a small surface of the Earth, yet it is influence of the air that we breathe and climate in the world. For instance, plants and trees in the manufacture of food will absorb CO2 and release oxygen, but humans and other animals and plants that depend on this oxygen to breathe. Therefore, the tropical rainforest is playing a very important role to make a balance in the maintenance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. But today the human multitude fossil fuels, a large number of harvested wood, resulting in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase in allows incoming solar radiation, the Earths surface is then reflected out of the cumulative heat is the average global temperature rise, causing serious greenhouse effect. Rainforest can regulation regional rainfall, it is like a giant sponge, during rain, trees absorbed most of the moisture, the moisture absorption by root to the leaf surface to allow water to water vapor forms released into the air. After the water vapor formed a cloud, then become rains, rain formation brings the life to the arid place. If the rainforest is felled, cloud formation and precipitation will also decrease; so many places there will be loss of drought and crop harvest. The impact of climate The destruction of tropical rainforest will cause global climate changes, as mentioned earlier, the forest will absorb carbon dioxide, and emit oxygen, when rainforest felled, earth will lose this functionality, and increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere make the greenhouse effect, which causing the lower atmosphere global average warming 1.5-3 Â ° c, the Arctic region is warmer. In addition to regulating the climate, forests increased rainfall, loss of forests is also drought will happen. people should wake up, think about tropical rainforests is not just for themselves, but for other species and resources can make a sustainable living on earth, so we should make some action to protect our rainforest: for example, the government can establishment of a national park or national scenic area, protected flora and fauna, or act may be more stringent, control valve forest activities. And the most important is educate people, instill ecological knowledge, let us understand that the protection of tropical rainforests. For individual, people avoid the use the wood products as far as possible. Also, encouraged to use of recycled products and support for environmental protection. Conclusion: Tropical rainforests are important resources that could not be replaced. By destroying the tropical rainforests, we are destroying the ecosystem and environment, which in turn threaten the human species ourselves. Laws should be enforced to help in the preservation of tropical rainforests.

Wind Energy and its Environmental Effects Essay -- Environment Power W

Wind Energy and its Environmental Effects Wind energy can play a critical role in saving our planet from the negative effects of energy powered by fossil fuels. Wind turbines work effectively at reducing carbon dioxide emissions. For instance, a single utility scale wind turbine can prevent the emission of 5,000 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere a year by displacing the power generated by fossil fuels. Also, a single 750-kilowatt turbine can produce roughly 2 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually. Turbines of this nature are the ones now being used in power plants around the world (Wind Energy Weekly). One good example is California. Their wind power plants displace 4.5 billion pounds of CO2 each year with the 3 billion kilowatt hours of energy they produce. To put it into an environmental perspective, that is as much CO2 as could be absorbed by a forest covering 1100 square miles (Wind Energy Weekly). Although wind energy has little to no impact on the environment when it comes to air pollution or greenhouse gases, there are other environmental concerns surrounding this form of energy production. Some of the concerns about wind energy include visual impacts, birds and other living resources, lightning and noise (Wind Energy Development). Wind turbines, by nature, must be sited in highly visible areas to give them enough space to produce the amount of energy desired. However, many of the sites for wind turbine farms are now located in areas that are ...

Case Study Dove Evolution of a Brand

Q1: What was Dove’s market positioning in the 1950s? What is its positioning in 2007? Dove back in the 1950’s had one product that was the â€Å"beauty bar†, it was positioned upon its function as a superior product that doesn’t dry out the skin the way soap did. It was marketed through a mix of marketing communication tools like the TV, print media and bill boards. The advertising message was â€Å"Dove soap doesn’t dry your skin because its one-quarter cleansing cream†. All of these ads were illustrated with photographs that showed cream being poured into a tablet.In addition; the ads were shot with natural looking women rather than models to convey the benefits of the product. Dove in 2007 had a mix of personal care products in addition to the soap, such as deodorants, hair care products, facial cleaners, body lotions and hair styling products. It was positioned as aesthetic need for consumers; it didn’t focus on the functional bene fits but on the need to feel good by representing a point of view about the concept of beauty.It delivered this message through campaigns such as Real Beauty and Self-Esteem that questioned the true meaning of beauty, and the high standard that media set to the concept of beauty. Dove used in its campaigns oversized models and elderly women in order to convey the message† Dove shifted from broadcast media to digital media, such as YouTube videos and written blogs. A short movie called evolution was the proof of success as it was viewed 3 million times during three months (it is viewed 15 388 230 times today! . The wide exposure of the digital controversial campaigns gave dove free media on TV, blogs, social networks. TV shows like Today show and Good Morning America talked about these campaigns and Oprah Winfrey show was inspired by the self-esteem campaign and dedicated an episode to discuss the self-esteem concept with centre attention on the dove campaign. Q2: How did Unile ver organize to do product category management and brand management in Unilever before 2000? What was the corresponding structure after 2000?How was brand meaning controlled before 2000 and how is it controlled at the time of the case? Before 2000, Unilever lacked a unified brand identity and brand managers were allowed to set the direction in each geographic region. There was very no control of the brand across the regions where Unilever products were marketed. For example, Unilever produced ice cream under the wall’s brand in the UK and most parts of Asia, The Algida Brand in Italy, Langnese in Germany, Kibon in Brazil, Ola in the Netherlands, and Ben & Jerry’s and Breyers in the United States.Unilever organized their marketing using a brand management system, offering multiple brands within product categories. Each brand operated independently with its own brand manager who had the responsibilities of a general manager. In February 2000, Unilever initiated a five-ye ar strategic plan called â€Å"Path to Growth† in order to centralize the company’s brand portfolio and to create a unified global identity. Unilever reduced the number of brands from 1,600 to 400 and changed its brand management strategy.Under the new Masterbrands strategy, global brand categories were established for each Masterbrand, which were responsible for creating a global vision and inspiring cooperation from all geographic markets. Under this strategic initiative, the responsibility for a brand was split between two groups: Brand Development that is responsible for advertising, strategy, innovation, and long-term market share; It is global in scope. And Brand Building that is decentralized according to region; accountable for growth, profit, cash flow, and short-term market share.Before 2000, according to the traditional media that has been used and the fixed message of dove as, the brand meaning was tight and centered on a specific concept that dove is a uni que soap that is ? cleansing cream or moisturizing cream. In the time of the case study, and after the exposure of the creative campaigns, the brand meaning is open because of the unique message it delivered which was a point a view, this provoked discussions and debates about the real beauty of women. Q3: Spend a little time searching blogs to get a sense of what people are/were saying about Dove.What does this discussion contribute to the meaning of the brand? I searched many blogs talking about dove, in particular the self-esteem and Real beauty campaigns. I noticed that a lot of bloggers counted on statics that were published by dove about self-esteem and beauty and show an emotional link to the campaign, for example a blogger named Jennifer Beer wrote after addressing some of dove’s facts about self-esteem: â€Å"When I read these statistics, it made me cry. As a mother of a daughter I'd hate to see er become part of these statistics, so I will make sure to tell her eve ry day how beautiful she is† In addition, the blogs illustrated a great engagement of the audience in the campaign, a blogger named Blythe Newsome said in the beginning of a blog that was describing her experience with dove self-esteem campaign: â€Å"When I heard about the Dove Self-Esteem Movement I knew I wanted to get involved†. Another blog I found on wordpress. com, praised Dove for using ordinary women as models in its advertisement to change women’s attitudes about beauty as well as how they perceived themselves.I found a sarcastic funny blog at Bros fail blogs wondering how will dove’s â€Å"real beauty campaign† looks like if it was for men, with this picture attached to the blog! I think all of the blogs that I reviewed reflects the massive success of the campaigns, the amount of exposure that they received over the free digital media is phenomenal weather it’s a positive feedback or a funny picture! Such exposure would help any co mpany gaining a market share and retaining the message of the brand because of its controversy and open end horizons.Those discussions and reviews contribute powerful meaning to the brand in a positive way. Q4: Footnote 1 of the case leads you to a blogger who asks, with reference to the age of YouTube advertising, â€Å"Is marketing now cheap, fast and out of control? † Footnote 2 refers to Dove as having started a conversation â€Å"that they don’t have control of. † In â€Å"When Tush comes to Dove†, Seth Stevenson writes about the â€Å"risky bet that Dove is making. † Do you see risks for the Dove brand? Seth Stevenson’s article, When Tush Comes to Dove suggests that Dove is taking too much risk.The brand’s nontraditional marketing may lead consumers, or potential customers, to believe that Dove products are for unattractive, over-weight women, or those who don’t consider themselves to be beautiful. I don’t think th is might happen, because the message doesn’t send a counter message that beautiful women aren’t beautiful! The message brings up the issue of beauty for specific segment of women. In addition; such campaign would add to the value of the brand because of the contribution in the awareness of the people as part of its social responsibility obligations.Furthermore, dove is the pioneer in the market to launch such campaign, and it might create a new trend for competitors to follow. I believe dove took the first mover advantage out of these campaigns. Let’s assume that it this negative effect that Stevenson’s talked about would occur, according to Exhibit 4 a total of 18% of respondents think that they are beautiful, sexy, attractive, pretty and stunning. If they consider the received message as negative and stopped using dove products; it wouldn’t be a great loss comparing to the 82% that will get a positive message.

Professional Development Assignment Essay

The various kinds of health professionals are educated in separate schools but with considerable overlap in curricula and training requirements. They are, however, expected to integrate their training and work together after graduation. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to professional education in terms of costs, educational efficiency, and patient care quality. List one advantage and one disadvantage for each. The structure of the U.S heath care system is certainly a topic greatly debated. Whether it is discussing the cost of health care, poor outcomes, shortages in health care workers, underutilization of other health care workers, the lack of access to care, or growing demand by consumers for health care that offers choice, quality, convenience, affordability and personalized care. It is not a secret that the United States spends more money than any other nation on health care, but only ranks 34th in the world in life expectancy and has higher mortality rates in infants than any other nation that is developed. Our health workforce was described as dysfunctional in public and private health workforce policy and infrastructure putting the health of Americans at risk. Could it be the lack of integrated education and teamwork from those that are involved in the care of our patients? Health care professionals are educated in differing schools of thought. If there were overlapping curricula and raining requirements integrating their training there would be both advantages and disadvantages involved. Physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals ultimately work together with the common goal of serving an individual patient. Yet few have developed the essential team skills to  help them work productively with their colleagues, analyzing outcomes and processes of care to improve continuously, by using each person’s skills to the fullest. To realize these benefits, we need to infuse the value of teamwork into the medical education culture through specific curriculum changes. An advantage to overlapping and integrating training would not only be to benefit, but students from diverse disciplines, such as physician assistant, nursing, and medical students, could take some classes together. Eventually, this type of broad restructuring would be cost-effective. As a purposefully designed additional benefit, students would learn to know and respect those in other disciplines, fostering teamwork. As students advance, they need to be offered more opportunities to learn and work side-by-side in realistic, interdisciplinary settings. A disadvantage or problem to this topic is the financing of the integrated medical education. Good teaching, whether it is conducted in the classroom, clinic, or hospital, requires time. Innovative approaches to teaching, progressive skills instruction, multitier assessment, and support of the development of professionalism all require teachers who have the time to observe, instruct, coach, and assess their students and who also have time for self-reflection and their own professional development. Although the educational mission is expensive, many medical schools already possess the funds to support teaching properly, if they choose to use the funds for this purpose (Cooke, Irby, Sullivan, Ludmerer, 2006). An oversupply of physicians in many urban regions contrasts with continuing problems of access in rural and inner-city areas. Why does the mal-distribution of physicians persist in spite of the number of physicians graduated? Access to healthcare in the United States is affected dramatically by where a physician is located. The current misdistribution of physicians, which exists in rural and inner city areas, is of great concern. Out of the 300,000 primary care physicians nationwide, only 11 percent practice in rural areas, making the total number of practicing physicians per person much lower in rural areas compared to urban areas (General Accounting Office, 2003). There are two main measures of medical underservice in the  U.S., health professional shortage areas and medically underserved areas and some special need populations. Both measures require communities to apply for designation. These designations allow the government to target resources to those determined to be most in need (Colwill and Cultice, 2003). There are two principal conditions leading to physician shortages in rural communities according to Wright and colleagues. They are â€Å"demand-deficient†, meaning they have insufficient populations and resources to support a physician practice, they are â€Å"ambiance-challenged,† meaning they are isolated, lack quality services and amenities, and/or are in geographically unattractive settings, or a combination of the two sets of conditions. Inner-city physician shortages are a more recently recognized issue. They are affected by the same conditions, though the specifics are different (Wright, Andrilla, and Hart 2001). Living in rural Iowa this is an issue and a problem I have seen and experienced far too many times. One example I can think of would be my grandmother was in her seventies and was as spry as she had been in her fifties. She was in charge of anything and everything she could be in charge of. She spent her life working as an administrator in a popular com pany and was very prominent in her small community. She was popular with her peers and kind to everyone her path crossed. When she turned 72 she began having headaches. She went to her local small farm town community doctor. He prescribed her â€Å"prescription-strength† ibuprofen and told her to slow down. She took his advice and slowed down to the best of her ability. The headaches continued and she returned to ole â€Å"doc Jamison† as she would say. When he told her it was stress, she believed him and tried to â€Å"de-clutter and de-stress† her life. When that didn’t work she talked herself out of returning because she was embarrassed. He ran no test, he asked few questions, he was a poor communicator, and he lacked resources or challenging cases to compare patients to. My grandmother died shortly after seeing him of a brain tumor. Another example was my father-in-law suffering a heart attack. He went to the ER in his small community with chest pain. When I arrived he was in the ICU on a nitro and morphine drip. I said, wait why is he still here. He was in pain, on a morphine drip, EKG changes, and receiving nitro. It didn’t make sense to me. The doctor said, â€Å"the cardiologist comes on  Wednesday†. WHAT? Yes. Small town Iowa was going to hold onto my father-in-law until the cardiologist came two days later. These are only a couple of the thousands of examples of poor care, limited recourses, and limited providers in rural communities. The health care delivery system now places increased emphasis on maintaining wellness and on promoting disease avoidance through healthy behaviors and lifestyles. What challenges does this new orientation pose for our existing system of medical education and training? In 1991 the Pew Charitable Trusts published a report that outlined what was expected to drive future health care. They concluded that a health-oriented approach that stresses disease prevention would characterize future health care systems. They emphasized, â€Å"that health concerns will be addressed at the community level and that medical schools will require that learning in a community environment will be a part of physician training. Physicians will need to be well versed in social and environmental health determinants. Focusing on preventative care and treatment techniques that use technology to the patient’s advantage is the challenge facing the new physician† (Inwald and Winters, 1995). Medical education does not always go hand in hand with health promotion and disease prevention. The United States ranks poorly to other industrialized countries on most important health indicators. Chronic disease in particular is affecting the nation’s health. Chronic illness, such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease, and their underlying cause such as obesity and tobacco use, affect more than 130 million Americans (Wu and Green, 2000). Health promotion is not a priority in the United States. â€Å"Although practicing preventive medicine is a cost saving mechanism, nationwide we spend most health care dollars treating preventable diseases† (Inwald and Winters, 1995). In order to improve our nation’s health and spend our nation’s resources most effectively we must put greater emphasis on efforts to keep people healthy as opposed to only treating them once they become ill. Prevention  is one of the best ways to help Americans live longer, healthier lives and increase our nation’s productivity. Preventing disease requires more than providing people with information to make healthy choices. While knowledge is critical, communities must reinforce and support health, for example, by making healthy choices easy and affordable. Health care providers should implement policies and systems to support the delivery of high-impact clinical preventive services and enhance linkages between clinical and community prevention efforts. For example, a health care system can adopt a decision support system that prompts clinicians to deliver appropriate clinical preventive services to patients. Medical students are overwhelmed with the amount of information and classes they have to take. There is so much for them to learn with all of the rotations they have to take. It is important to remember that these students have so many disease processes and pharmacology to learn that disease prevention and health promotion is sometimes not in their realm of thinking. This is why it is important for us to be sure they understand the importance of this topic and for physicians to adhere to the guidelines they are given. The successful integration of disease prevention and health promotion principles into medical student education does not depend on new curriculum, curriculum coordination and integration, or the use of new educational technology. Ultimately, the academic health sciences centers and schools of medicine must reconnect with the health needs of people, forming alliances with community groups and programs that focus on prevention. This reconnection demands a shift in core institutional values—from the paradigm of healing to the paradigm of health. References: Colwill, J., Cultice, J, (2003). The Future Supply of Family Physicians: Implications for Rural America. Health Affairs, 22:190-198. Cooke M., Irby D., Sullivan W., Ludmerer K. (2006). American medical education 100 years after the Flexner report. New England Journal of Medicine. 355(13):1339-1344. General Accounting Office (1999). Physician Shortage Areas: Medicare Incentive Payments Not an Effective Approach to Improve Access. Report to Congressional Requesters. Greiner A., Knebel E. (2003). Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Inwald, S., Winters, F. (1995). Emphasizing a preventive medicine orientation during primary care/family practice residency training. Journal of American Osteopathic Association. 95:268. Wright, G., Andrilla, C., Hart, L (2001). How Many Physicians Can A Rural Community Support? A Practice Income Potential Model for Washington State. WWAMI Rural Health Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine. Seattle, WA. Wu S, Green A. (2000). Projection of Chronic Illness Prevalence and Cost Inflation. RAND Corporation.