The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children

The Influences of Family Communication Patterns on Adult Children’s Perceptions of Romantic Behaviors by Michael Fowler, MS, Judy C. Pearson, Ph. D. , & Stephenson J. Beck, Ph. D. PART A SUMMARY The study of the researchers is to explore how family communication patterns influence the use of interpersonal behaviors for maintaining a committed romantic relationship for example dating, engaged or married. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between family communication pattern, rituals, and relational maintenance in adult children’s romantic relationships.The results of the study showed that co orientation and couple-time rituals were related. Conversation orientation was related to all seven relational maintenance behaviors. Finally, conformity orientation was related to conflict management. The research concludes that the family is considered the pinnacle relationship in the human experience (Floyd Mikkelson, & Judd, 2006). The family is where most communi cative behaviors are learned and developed (Bruner, 1990; Fitzpatrick & Caughlin, 2002).In addition, early family experiences affect later perceptions of behavior (Pecchioni et al. , 2006; Whitton et al. , 2008). This study demonstrates that family patterns may extend into both ritualized activities and to maintenance behaviors of adult children. Mundane behaviors that couples experience in their daily lives may contribute to the health of a relationship by providing a foundation for major couple events (Driver & Gottman, 2004). Part CAccording to the author, the family may well be the most important context for understanding communication since the family environment is where most communicative behaviors are learned and developed. Thus, it would seem plausible that communication patterns among family-of-origin members influence future relational behaviors. I agreed with the author as the family is the core of every children growing process where we observe what our parents do and w e tend to follow.As Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997) state, â€Å"Families are children’s primary socialization agents† which family is the one who socialize with the children from the beginning as teaches them how to behave and their attitude which may influence future spousal interactions. As Huang (1999) points out, research has shown that family communication patterns and styles in? uence children’s attitudes and behaviors in a number of areas. In which it influence the family members on understanding of the social environment.

The Rise of the Spring by Stravinsky

I attended a symphony orchestra at Alexander Kasser Theater in Montclair State University on Wednesday, December 8th, 2010 at 7:30 pm. The program was approximately an hour and a half long, with two parts and a short intermission. The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du printemps- 1913) by Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) was performed. There was an assortment of musical energy in parts of the first section of the symphony with a quantity of sections constantly changing rhythms. I really enjoyed the piece, it was not too long to become fed up with and distracted. Listening to the piece made me feel adventurous in some points; not knowing what could happen next, almost like to a movie. The Rite of Spring is a piece that tells a story, where in order for spring to rise, a young female must be chosen before the sage and dance to death. This piece is full of paradox, the music is incredibly dynamic, loud and soft, startling and delicate, and dark and it is extravagant. The Rise of the Spring is textured in its irregular time signatures and instrumental diversity (trumpets, flutes, clarinets, bassoons, string arrangements, etc. ). There was a percussive use of strings, halting rhythms, and also irregular meters. The first act began with an opening solo of the Bassoon. Later on, half of the Violas played in B Minor when the other half played B Major, then the trumpets enter, causing a dramatic importance in the piece. The tones bounced off each other, making it sound much alike harmonically. Those strings would play in a strict rhythm together, suddenly following up with French horns. After the horns and trumpet, the music stops, â€Å"the chosen one† of the piece must become the sacrifice. Those famous measures have eleven quarter notes playing that show the glorification of â€Å"the chosen one†. Every glorification of every measure is basically in a different meter, and it is quite challenging to play as I witnessed. The very last quarter of the piece signifies the moment of death, having the double bass play four different pitches at the same time. Whether or not it was intentional on Stravinsky’s part, the notes were in order of D-E-A-D. It sounds quite irregular but also entwined to make the piece sound superior, which is why Igor was very clever in his time to make such a deep piece here. Without hesitation, I would see another symphony similar to Stravinsky’s The Rise of the Spring.

Journal of Food Safety

As we know, Johor was affected by the worst flood in 100 years in December 2006 and that disaster comes again in January 2007. According to historical of the natural disasters such as flood, food in affected areas may become contaminated and consequently be at risk for outbreaks of food-borne diseases, including diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever. Poor sanitation, including lack of safe water and toilet facilities and lack of suitable conditions to prepare food have led to mass outbreaks of food-borne diseases. The Minister of Malaysia Health were worried about cases, the improper sanitary facilities and contaminated water supply during flood at housing areas or at relief centers would result in contaminated food, as a prevention step, Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO) has assign to made monitoring of food hygiene vital. The objective of this monitoring is to describe food hygiene surveillance activities carried out in flood relief centers and flood affected areas and the result that were carried out was determined. The food hygiene surveillance activities were carried out by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO) in the districts and. Among the surveillance activities carried out are inspection of food preparation areas in relief centers, inspection of food premises in flood affected areas and food sampling. Premise inspections were carried out using a specific inspection format. For food samples inspections, the food samples that were emphasis included ready to eat and raw foods. For ready to eat foods holding samples were also taken. Samples taken were sent to Public Health Laboratory, Johor Bahru for microbiological analysis. Anti typhoid vaccination for food handlers were also carried out. Apart from that, observations made by the health teams were also taken into account. A total of 3,159 food preparation areas in relief centers were inspected. During the same period, a total of 2,317 food premises in flood affected areas were inspected as soon these premises started operating after the floods. Among the processes that had given highlighting during inspection were holding and serving of food where temperatures control and holding time were vital for food safety. Along with the areas given emphasis during the inspection were kitchens, stores, food packaging areas, food transportation vehicles and serving areas. Cooking utensils, water sources, hand washing facilities, garbage disposal area, pest control and suitability of building structures for preparation of food were also given a big attention during the inspections. .Base on the inspection that have done by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO), the inspections showed that 69 food preparation areas in relief centers and 181 food premises in flood affected areas had unsatisfactory hygiene. Not only food premises areas are considering in those inspections, apart from that, the hygiene and practices of all food handlers were also monitored. Insanitary food preparation areas in relief centers and food premises were given health education and warnings to maintain hygiene by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO). A total of 1,566 holding samples were taken and 425 samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Base on the result, they have gathered out that 46 of the samples analyzed were found to be positive for pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella. The health personnel from the Johor Health Department in various districts carried out an excellent job in ensuring food safety during the floods. There were no outbreaks of food poisoning. However analysis of food samples taken during the floods did show the presence of pathogenic organisms but probably their numbers were not high enough to cause any food poisoning. When the flood has affected some areas, the contamination from microorganism into food were easily contaminated, that contamination can always occur at all points of the food chain, for instants inadequate washing, handling and cooking of food just before consumption is still a prime cause of food-borne diseases. Many infectious diseases are preventable by observing simple hygienic rules during food preparation whether in family settings or in large food catering facilities. According to the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), there are five keys for safer food in disaster situation such as keeping clean, separating raw and cooked food, cooking thoroughly, keeping food at safe temperatures and lastly using safe water and raw materials. As a rational, the education to all individuals have to concern more to avoid the unwanted condition occurs, for instant when a disaster such as flood occurs, the public would already understand and be prepared to apply their knowledge in hygiene and food safety. As an example, the hand washing method which involves seven steps needs to be imbibed into all individuals through health education campaigns so that it becomes a common practice amongst all individuals. As a very good solution the promotion and enforcement of food hygiene requirements should be carried out continuously to ensure that every individual understands the need for hygiene and food safety during disaster situation such as flood.

Women's roles in society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women's roles in society - Research Paper Example The development of feminist’s movements and the increased awareness about the capabilities of women forced male communities to accept the identity of women in a more liberal manner. In liberal societies, today’s women enjoy the same freedom as that of men; they can work in any professions they like and engage in any activities they like. For example, Canada is the fourth country in the world to legalize gay and lesbian marriage (Dube). In other words, Canada has not shown any discrimination while legalizing same sex marriage; along gay marriage, lesbian marriage was also legalized in Canada. At the same time, it should be noted that in countries like Saudi Arabia, women are not even allowed to drive their vehicles. BBC (17 June 2011) has reported that a women was arrested in Saudi Arabia in May 2011, for uploading a video of herself driving a vehicle. â€Å"Manal al-Sherif was accused of "besmirching the kingdom's reputation abroad and stirring up public opinion", but was released after 10 days having promised not to drive again† (Saudi Arabia women drive cars in protest at ban). From the above two incidents it is evident that the roles of women in liberal societies are changing rapidly whereas in traditional societies, it remains the same. Thompson (2010) has mentioned that â€Å"jobs for women were largely limited to work as household servants during ancient times† (Thompson). Dr. Benson et al, (2010) have pointed out that â€Å"women in some cultures have been denied access to education or there may be no education system due to circumstances in their country† (Dr. Benson et al, p.359). Lack of education or denial of educational opportunities forced women in totalitarian countries like Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan etc to limit their activities within the boundaries of their house. The over influence of religion over social life is the major reason for the underdevelopment of women life in these countries. It should be noted th at even in communist China, the role of women has been changed drastically over the last few decades. Africa is a region which is famous for totalitarian or autocratic administrations. Even the African women enjoy much more freedom than the women in fundamental Muslim societies. The leadership roles women have played in the development of various African societies cannot be underestimated. The contributions of women towards the social, economic, political and educational developments of African societies cannot also be gainsaid. In fact, traditional African society attached no importance to gender issues because every individual had a role to play both in the family as well as in the larger society (Afisi, p.230) It is evident from the above discussions that the major obstacle which prevents women from development is not politics, but religion or religious beliefs. Western countries are more aware of the changing roles of women in society and they are ready to make necessary changes in their social life. As stated earlier, women in western countries can engage in all activities in which their male counterparts engaged in. For example, it should be noted that many biggest organizations like Pepsi are currently run by women CEO’s. Such things were unimaginable around thirty or forty years before. The capabilities of women in handling pressure and undertaking risky jobs are well accepted by the western societies. However, the conditions of the women in third world are not like that in the western world. In third world, women are still considered as second class citizens. â€Å"They are denied even some of the fundamental rights and privileges which are so essential for the preservation of human dignity†

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example When joining Construction and engineering, the majority of students come with varying opinions regarding the course but what matters at the end is how each is able to transform the ideas into realistic arguments that can revolutionize the world. Reflective writing in this course equips one with an opportunity to evaluate not only the concepts learned but also on the intensity of intellectual growth and come up with sources of supplementary information. Engineering is course that actively engages the students and challenges them to be imaginative, and have numerous outlooks. Engineering is among the greatest powers of civilization. This journal focuses on the reflecting on aspects of construction and engineering. Course Content and Relevance Competency Element Claimed Introduction to Engineering The first topic â€Å"Introduction to Engineering† was on the basic concepts relating to engineering. Engineering cuts across several subjects and is therefore a mixture of art, science , math, social work. Concepts such as definition of Engineering, its significance, a historic background, achievement that have been made in the field of engineering, disasters in the field, and other basic but fundamental aspects of engineering are covered. The definition to engineering varies, the traditional one focuses on harnessing of forces of nature to enhance human lives (Moaveni& Sharma, 2011). Engineering has passed through several generations with several modifications and refinements evolving at every stage. The strong foundation Engineering has lies in the impressive way in which technological concepts were preserved, developed, and passed from generation to the next. The splendor of it all is that the contributions made by engineers stand out to be seen and celebrated or at times condemned by the world. Accomplishments of the early engineers include construction of the admired Egyptian pyramids, irrigation schemes in Mesopotamia, building of the Great Wall of China as well as a number of structures in the Roman empires. Throughout history, Engineering has played a major role in entirely all fields by providing, operating, supervising and maintaining both infrastructure and technological progressions (Moaveni& Sharma, 2011). Activities of engineers include construction of wastewater treatment and sewerage systems, manufacture and running of factories, power plants as well as the machineries used, building weapons, computers, robots, refining of resources such as metal as well as in the telecommunication. These are just a few of the activities carried out or maintained by engineers, however, the list is extensive as they are in almost every field. Engineering is a broad subject, and can be categorized into civil, environmental, chemical, aeronautical, biomedical, aeronautical, and electronic and software engineering. The field of engineering is ever growing and areas such as mining and mechatronic engineering are categorized on their own, or incorp orated in other categories. Breathtaking breakthroughs such as the launching of space rocket, unraveling of universe anonymity, designing and construction of structure never foreseen instills a sense of delight and yearning in a student aspiring to be an engineer. Professional engineer works in a society characterized by complex ethical and environmental issues, which cannot be overlooked even when adopting a

Eugene O'neill's Long day's journey into night analysis Essay

Eugene O'neill's Long day's journey into night analysis - Essay Example The play mostly consists of painful admissions and bitter exchanges amongst the family until problems after problems pile together and the family gets engulfed in complete despair. It is said that O’Neill based the characters off himself, his older sibling and both their parents. James Tyrone Sr. was born in Ireland but his family migrated to the United States of America when he was just eight years old. Two years later, his father abandoned the family and went back to Ireland where he died with rat poison in his system. It was thought to be suicide but James remained adamant that it was not. Being fatherless forced him to get employed so he could support himself, which led to him having a strong work ethic. Also, having to work for money led him to having a great appreciation to it, almost going overboard and turning miserly. He does not seem to have any worries in his life but his greatest fear is losing all his money and ending up in a poorhouse. The play proves this by showing him to be dressed in shabby clothes as he seems to wear the clothes till they are worn out and cannot be used any further. He was a famous actor during his youth when he toured the United States of America with Mary. But playing the same character repeatedly let him to being unable to develop further as an actor and he was not able to go higher in the acting industry much to his everlasting regret. However, despite being sixty five years old, he has managed to retain his good looks and even looks younger than his age. Despite no longer being an actor, his mannerisms are those similar to one but that does not make him pretentions or even temperamental. This is because of â€Å"his humble beginnings and Irish farmer forbears† (ONeill 2). He is a healthy man in spite of smoking cigars and being a perpetual alcoholic. Mary is fifty four years old but, despite the age, still remains pretty. She loves her husband James

The Implication of Theories of Activity for Management of Operation Essay

The Implication of Theories of Activity for Management of Operation - Essay Example Traditionally synthetic morphinomemetics have severe toxic side effects which rarely can become fatal. Hypotension is a characteristic of these drugs in addition to liver cirrhosis(because of high levels of toxicity) and urinary retention.Pain-free was regarded as promising because it had some advantages over other brands of morphinomimetics, namely;liver problem was considerably managed, no sign of tetramoraide syndrome was found and it’s effectiveness in obliterating pain was instant and exceptional, though hypotension could not be dealt with(and this was not conveyed to the consumers aka patients). In1993, 17% of the patients showed signs of orthostatic hypotension.1 Evidence suggested that Normoramide was the cause. A team led by Roland Peterson had worked tirelessly at eradicating the fatal liver problem but during the course of improving the drug, it was established that hypotension could not be dealt with. Pain-free indisputably was a significant breakthrough especially considering the miraculous pain relief it provided, and appeared to be potential ‘commercial blockbuster’. However, orthostatic hypertension could not be obliterated (as it was conveyed to the prospect consumers) and to this extent, it can be alleged that the company misled the consumers. In addition, the ‘innovation’ in the drug becomes questionable. The management omitted some very pertinent facts about the drug, which if they were known would have affected consumption decision of the patients. The instances of non-disclosure can be enumerated as follows. a) In 93, out of the patients tested with the drug 17% exhibited hypotension.2 The management sought an alteration of guidelines and after it was affected, these cases were written off as ‘occurrences prior to alteration† thus were disregarded.  

Is Capitalism a Hindrance to Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Is Capitalism a Hindrance to Democracy - Essay Example Before making an argument on this issue, it is necessary to fully understand the terms involved. Democracy is typically used interchangeably with the form of government more properly known as a republic. Because true citizenship democracies have rarely ever existed, representative democracies have co-opted the term despite lacking key factors. For the purpose of argument, this paper will use as a definition of democracy that which is agreed upon by the authors of The Politics of Power: A democracy is a system based on popular participation by its citizens, representative government and a commitment to equality in the ability of citizens to influence policies directly affecting their lives (Katznelson, Kesselman and Draper 2006, p. 8). Capitalism is typically defined as an economic sy... The nuances of capitalism that affect the course of democracy revolve around the power of capital itself. If it is accepted that part of the definition of democracy includes representative governors elected by the people, then a question immediately must be raised. Who are these representatives and how are they elected In the current American system, the pool of those eligible for election is becoming increasingly smaller. The reason has to do with the cost of getting elected. As the cost of a candidacy increases, so does the power of those who can contribute the most to these candidates. ARGUMENT Corruption is an unavoidable component of any political or economic system. There is no such thing as a universally viable economic system that is inherently corrupt. Capitalism and socialism could both theoretically work without the taint of corruption. The reason that neither ever has is due to the human factor. Human beings have needs that require currency and sometimes the easiest way to acquire that extra currency is through corrupt practices. While no economic system is in itself corrupt, they all contain practices which promote corruption. The fact that capitalism has led democracy in the United States to the point where only a select few can ever dream of being elected to positions of power is not proof that the economic system is a hindrance to the political system. After all, there is no evidence to suggest that simply because someone has the economic basis to get elected that he will not then act in the best interests of those whom he is representing. What is far more disturbing is how the electoral process mirrors the governmental process. The ability to get

Latin America and the Catholic Church Case Study - 2

Latin America and the Catholic Church - Case Study Example At the conclusion of the lackluster oration, a BBC reporter stated, that the Pope gave,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the most unusual mass of his career.†(qtd in Hoyt,1983) Why were so many Catholics so disappointed? What were the reasons for the Pope’s behaviors? What were the consequences in Nicaragua after the papal visit? These are all issues that will be discussed in the course of this essay. Nicaragua in the late 1970s and 1980s was a land of revolution. Many citizens felt that their existing leader, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, was a tyrant. They saw the immense poverty, the hunger, the poor living conditions, the lack of employment available was directly related to the exploitation and oppression by their government; that this is the reason the poor suffered without relief. The plight of the poor Christians brought them to the rebel militias formed by the Sandinistas, who opposed Somoza, encouraged rebellion, and promoted the teaching of â€Å"liberation theology.†(Dillon,1999) This, sometimes, controversial interpretation of Christianity, relies heavily on the need to care for the poor and heavily rebukes traditional capitalist economic systems. These differing spiritual interpretations and differing political perspectives left Nicaragua, as a whole, at odds. Many, likely, thought that the Pope’s visit would aid in resolution and more potential peaceful ou tcomes. Just one day before the Pope’s arrival in the country 17 members of a Sandinistas Youth Group riding a bus were ambushed and killed. Many people cried out for him to say something in regards to the young lives lost, but he did not. Generally speaking whenever a foreign head of state visits another country, where youths have been tragically killed, regardless of the reasons,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦he is expected to say SOME sympathetic remarks.†(Hoyt,1983) Not only did he refrain from such condolences, he, in fact, had scolded members of the clergy for participating in the

Research Experiment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Experiment - Assignment Example This theory also suggests that job attitudes are linked to job outcomes. Consequently, organizational attitudes are linked to organizational outcomes (Greenberg, 2013). Background Organizational behavior is a key determinant of how an organization should be managed and led, with the aim of increasing organizational effectiveness. As such, Organizational Behavior Units provide insight and knowledge that advances the understanding of how to manage and lead an organization, with the aim of increasing personal or organizational effectiveness (Ali et al., 2009). Encompassing aspects of sociology, psychology, communication and management, the course has its roots in Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Locke, 1976). This is because organizational behavior determines the effectiveness, hence success of the organization. The factors that affect the general conduct or behavior of an organization should, therefore, be brought in to perspective and manipulated to targets the achievement of ideal results. Indeed, a lot of research has been conducted to try to establish the factors that affect the work outcome in an organization. In particular, the attitude of employees has been deemed an essential variable in these studies. In assessing this variable, many researches have primarily focused on job satisfaction as the key measure of employee attitude (Ali et al., 2009). However, recent researches have delved in to the role of organizational commitment in determining employee attitude and intensions (Greenberg, 2013). The purpose of this study was to establish the factors that drive job satisfaction and organizational commitment at Subway Restaurants. As such, it assessed two variables: job performance and turnover intensions. Job performance has often been related to Job satisfaction more than organizational commitment, with studies establishing mixed results. While some studies have shown a strong correlation between the two, others argue that this correlation is negli gible (Ali et al., 2009). However, almost all of the studies conducted establish a negligible correlation between organizational commitment and job performance. On the other hand, turnover intensions are primarily a factor of organizational commitment. Indeed, studies have shown significant association between the two. However, these studies also show a considerable amount of correlation between turnover intension and Job satisfaction. In fact, studies of facet satisfaction have established significant association between turnover intensions and satisfaction with the job itself, and pay and promotions (Greenberg, 2013). However, combined comparisons of job satisfaction and organizational commitment with turnover intensions have established a greater correlation between turnover intensions and organizational commitment than with job satisfaction (Greenberg, 2013). These findings form the basis for my hypotheses in this research study. Research Questions The participants in this study were primarily the restaurant’s staff in the U.S. and included 2 Restaurant Managers, 3 part time Hospitality Employees, 2 full time Chefs, 2 part-time Administrative Assistant, and a full time Retail Clerk. They were required to answer ten research questions based on their level of agreement with the suggestions as follows: Strongly Agree (5) Agree (4) Most likely/Not sure (3) Probably not (2) Disagree (1)

Bystanders need to make a change and take action Essay Example for Free

Bystanders need to make a change and take action Essay â€Å"You can`t wake person who is pretending to be asleep†-Navajo Proverb People act as if nothing is happening when they do not want to face the reality of the situation by pretending to be unaware or unsure despite being presented with the evidence. Many people now a days, perform actions which may seem like they are participating in an activity but in reality they are just watching. People do not focus on the situation itself, but they focus on their surroundings. They understand that they might be in a difficult position although they try to avoid it. Some situations where humans experience themselves being in one place physically and having themselves in a different spot mentally are when people are being bystanders. Bystanders are people who are present in an event or incident but do not participate or act upon it. Bystanders have always been a part of the world’s natural occurrences. The bystander effect has occurred in history intensively up to this period of time. The bystander effect has been present in the Holocaust, the Partition of India and Pakistan and Barack Obama being appointed as the first African-American president. The bystander effect occurred all the way back to the 1900’s, during the time of World War 2. There was a destructive event that took place, it was called The Holocaust. The Holocaust was a great devastation sacrifice completed with fire. It was systematic mass slaughter of European Jews by the Nazi government and advocators. During this period of time, 6 million lives were taken. They were at their most efficient from April to November 1942 – 250 days in 2 which they murdered two and a half million Jews (http://www.facinghistory.org).. The governments of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union even made a joint statement acknowledging the mass murders for the first time. Yet, they continued to do nothing to stop or prevent more innocent deaths (http://www.facinghistory.org). The allied nations were aware of the deaths of the millions of innocent Jews but being informed about the scenario they continued to avoid the situation. Being people with higher authorities, the allied nations could have prevented or stopped this disaster from taking place. But they did not want to get themselves into a problem and create conflicts for their own countries. They were afraid that if they did not support the bully, they would be the next  victim. As innocent people were getting murdered in Germany, in India near that same period of time innocent people were being raped. In August 1947, the partition of British India took place. This event was life altering for millions of people. After the British parted from India, the creation of two countries raised India and Pakistan. This catastrophe was known for the abduction, rape and abuse towards women. In 1950, Menon and Bhasin wrote, the â€Å"official estimate† for numbers of abducted women stood at 50,000 Muslims in India and 33,000 Hindus and Sikhs in Pakistan (http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org). Women of different ethnicities, age and social classes were all victimized, raped and tormented. The men would also publicly molest the women to make them feel traumatized and disgraced, and people would just watch the awful sin like it is casual and not do anything to stop what is happening. The stories of these abductions and rapes caused panic; in many rural areas familie s reportedly killed their female children to save them from being defiled. Patel recounts numerous incidents of beheading, drowning, burning, and execution by the male head of family in order to â€Å"protect his women†Ã‚  from the threat of dishonour (http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org). People would just stand around and watch men rape women. But nobody did anything, they just stood and patrolled. They watched and encouraged, because she was the opposite religion, she was the enemy. People were discriminated based on their race, culture and religion and currently are being victimized for the same reason. On November 8, 2008 Barack Hussein Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States. This victory introduced many hardships into Obama`s life in views of him being the first ever African-American president of the United States. Because this was a racial alteration in many people’s lives, he was verbally and emotionally attacked with racial violations. Obama has also dodged numerous racist attacks from conservative protestors and personalities. Last year, a group sang Bye Bye Blackbird and waved signs reading 47 percent Negro and Impeach the half-white Muslim at one of his speaking events (http://www.usnews.com). In this scenario, there was persistent name calling related to colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were many points where hurtful behaviours, both physical and  psychological, made them feel unwelcome, powerless or worthless because of their colour, ethnicity, culture or faith. There were malicious messages and letters sent to Obama and people just continued and joined the others. They thought that since he is the first African American president in the United States, he should not deserve the same equality of right as the pervious white presidents. People trended by making fun of him, and no one did anything to stop it and it still continues to present days. There are many occurrences in life, when people just stand around and observe a situation but do not do anything to stop it, they do not act upon it. The human species is aware that  if they do not stop such catastrophes; they will give others a chance to have a negative perspective on other cultures, ethnicities, and races. Not making this okay, because it will cause many riots in the future. It is time,that bystanders start to make a change and take action for the right thing. Work Cited Brainy Quote, (2014), Navajo Proverb Quotes; Brainy Quote, Web. Feb, 24, 2014. Holocaust Bystanders and Upstanders. Aug 2014. Press, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . India-Pakistan Partition. 14 Sep 2013. N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . Obama racism. 2008. United States Publishers, Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . Obama Threat. 2009 . N.p., Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

Compositions Essay Example for Free

Compositions Essay My parents took me to Chidambaram on the occasion of the festival for Lord Nataraja. That festival occurs once in a year. The crowd was huge. It had come from all parts of India, and, in some cases, even from outside India. The crowd consisted of people from various states in India. It therefore, consisted of people from different walks of life. We saw people from Northern states of India, like, Uttar Pradesh, Rajastan, Delhi and many more. We also saw crowds from Great Britain and The United States of America. We found people talking in different languages. Some of the people found it difficult to make the local people of Chidambaram understand what they meant. So, they needed interpreters. As mentioned earlier, the crowd was not only huge, but consisted of citizens of various status and from various states. Some leader was delivering a speech. He did not belong to Tamil Nadu. Sometimes he would speak in broken language and then switch over to different language, which i too could not follow. The crowd was in no better position. So, there was commotion in the crowd because it could not understand what the speaker was talking about. When the crowd became restive, someone came on to the dias to do interpretation, but that did not also satisfy the crowd. Therefore, the speaker finished his speech and some one else came up the dias to deliver the speech. But, he too did not understand the local language well and there was a confusion again. This time the crowd became very restive and could not be controlled by the cops. When the situation appeared to be going out of control, the cops interfered and used water guns to disperse the crowd. When that too did not give the desired result, the cops naturally resorted to using bullets. The first fired in the air to terify the people. But, that did not yield the desired result. So they sprayed the crowd with actual bullets. This made the crowd retreat and some calm appeared to have descended on the crowd. So, this was a meeting which was well attended. But, it was attended by people from various states speaking different languages and having different life cultures. The speakers also did not do anything to pacify the crowd. As i said earlier, the crowd came from different states and spoke different languages, they could not understand what the speakers spoke, nor could others understand what they spoke.

Pablo Neruda Biography

Pablo Neruda Biography Introduction Pablo Neruda’s poetic skills came to light while he was still a teen. He did his writings in diverse styles which include historical epics, surrealist poems, a prose autobiography, overtly political manifestos, and erotically-charged love poems. In most cases he used green ink in his writings, which symbolized desire and hope from a personal perspective. He believed in communism and advocated for world peace and unity, victimized in his native nation and compelled to exile, his output is a manifestation that protects the cultural legacy of Chile and the larger South American region. Life experiences influenced his writing Childhood His real name was Neftalà ­ Ricardo Reyes Basoalto and his town of birth is Parral, Chile on 12th, 1904. He was born to Rosa Basoalto Opazo and Josà © del Carmen Reyes Morales. The later was a railway worker and the former a school teacher; she died due to tuberculosis a couple of months after conceiving his first and only son. Pablo Neruda grew up in Temuco with half-sister Laura and half-brother Rodolfo. He went to the Men’s Lyceum of Temuco where he underwent his high school education. Early years 1917-1920 He published his maiden poems at age 13; while still in high school among them is â€Å"Entusiasmo y Perseverancia† in the regional daily â€Å"La Maà ±ana†. Come 1918 he published thirteen poems in the journal â€Å"Run and Fly† which include â€Å"My eyes†. Come 1919 he got the third prize in a home contest with his poem â€Å"Nocturno ideal†. His father was against his son’s writing interest; nonetheless Neruda got support from in his school tutors. Aged fifteen, Neruda met Gabriella Mistral, who was a tutor in the home girl’s school. She familiarized him with the work of European poets and predominantly Russian literature which inspired him the most. Due to the fact that Neruda intended to conceal his publications from his father he opted for the pseudonym of Pablo Neruda, thus all upcoming publications after October 1920 were published under that pseudonym. Jan Neruda, a Czech poet influenced the young poet from whom he acquired his last name. Afterwards he lawfully changed his name to Pablo Neruda. Universidad de Chile – 1921 His father wanted to see him become a teacher. Come 1921 when he was sixteen and after graduating from high school Neruda shifted to Santiago to learn French and Education at the University of Chile. He bore no interest in pedagogy; his drive was in learning French so that he could read French literature. After his arrival he did publish a chain of poems in the university magazine â€Å"Clarity† with Pablo Neruda as the signatory. In the course of this time as a student he created a good number of his renowned output and made his mark as a reputable poet. He associated with Rosa Albertina Azocar who was his influence for a sequence of poems in a Song of Despair and 20 Love Poems. It was evident that Pablo intended to follow a career in writing as a result his father cut financial supplies to him. Come July 1923 the maiden output of â€Å"Crepusculario† was published at the Student Federation of Chile by Clarity Editions. In the subsequent year, Nascimiento Editors publi shed the first edition of â€Å"Veinte Poemas de Amor y una Cancion Desesperada†, which would become one of his renowned and most translated outputs. Diplomatic career 1926 In his role as a writer, Neruda was experiencing financial constraints thus he started to look for a job as a consul. His achievements in literature and interactions enabled him get a consular job in Burma. He was a frequent contributor to the newspaper â€Å"La Nacion† in Santiago where he gave publishes regarding his travel chronics. Come 1929 he was dispatched to Colombo, Sri Lanka as a consul. In the process, he tried out diverse styles and did a succession of surrealistic poems that formed component to â€Å"Residencia en la tierra† one of his most vital outputs. Come February of 1932, he resettled in Santiago and was given a job in the Department of Cultural Extension of the Ministry of Labor, during this period the second edition of â€Å"Twenty Poems of Love and a Song of despair† was published. Come 1933, Neruda was chosen to be a Consul in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Nascimiento Editors published â€Å"Residence on Earth† restricting its publication to a lowly 100 print outs. Neruda was transferred to Madrid in 1935 in the same capacity as a consul as a replacement to Gabriela Mistral. Neruda was a founder of â€Å"Green Horse for poetry† a magazine that specializes in literature. He abandoned his family in Barcelona and hooked up with Delia del Carril. Spanish Civil War and communism Come July 1936 the Spanish Civil War started and Federico Garcia Lorca was killed by forces devoted to Franco. Consequence to this happening, Neruda became politicized laying allegiance to the republican side thus a communist for the remainder of his life. He remained neutral to political causes due to his role as a consul. He made publishes in secrecy of â€Å"Song to the mothers of the dead militants† captured in the literary journal â€Å"The blue monkey† which afterwards turned out to be a component of â€Å"Spain in the heart†. The government of Chile opted to close down its consulate in Madrid. He then afterwards moved to Paris alongside Delia del Carril and commenced his work in support of the Spanish Republic. He orchestrated the Latin American Committee in defense of the Spanish Republic and presented a conference regarding Federico Garcia Lorca, this was against the Chilean administration wishes. He made publishes of his takes in the magazine â€Å"The world poets defend the Spanish people† which was printed in French and in Spanish. He united with Peruvian Cesar Vallejo and discharged duties in the Association for the Defense of Culture. In the poem â€Å"I explain a few things† he exhibited a militant and radical tone with respect to political and social aspects. On moving back to his native Chile, he realized the Alliance of Intellectuals. The maiden edition of two thousand copies of â€Å"Espaà ±a en el Corazon† sold out in the first few days and two months later a second edition print outs were made. Mexico 1940 -1943 Come 1940 Neruda was assigned in Mexico City as the Consul General of Chile. In the aftermath of the murder attempt of Leon Trotsky Neruda, Nerudo granted a visa Chile to David Alfaro Siqueiros, a Mexican accused as one of the schemers to assassinate Trotsky. This led to his one month suspension with no pay. Come 1942 Neruda gave a series of talks courtesy of an invitation by the Ministry of education. During his stay in Cuba he heard of the demise of his close friend Miguel Hernandez in a Spanish prison. During this time, he did 2 poems â€Å"The lost shepherd† and â€Å"To Miguel Hernandez killed in the prisons of Spain† which were incorporated in â€Å"The grapes and the wind† and â€Å"Canto General† respectively. While on a trip Mexico he recited his poem â€Å"Song to Stalingrad† which commemorated the vital Russian triumph over the Nazis. This led to condemnation that he did a poem â€Å"New love song to Stalingrad†, both poems were incorporated in his book â€Å"Third Residence†. Neruda yet again did a violation on his diplomatic impartiality when at the funeral of Leocadia Felizardo, he recited his poem â€Å"Dura elegà ­a† thus making utterances that were deemed offensive to Getulio Vargas, the Brazilian dictator. Consequently, he resigned from his positioned and went back to Chile. While on board to Santiago, he visited the remains of Machu Picchu, which influenced him to write â€Å"Alturas de Machu Picchu† he wound up in 1945. He highly rated the undertakings done by ancient Andean civilization; at the same time he condemned the slavery that happened in a bid to accomplish such an exceptional edifice and their ensuing subjugation by the Spaniards. Return to Chile and the Communist Party 1944 Shortly after going back to Chile, Neruda was made senatorial candidate for the provinces of Tarapacà ¡ and Antofagasta in representation of the Communist Party of Chile. Despite not being a formal militant, he became part of the party shortly afterwards. He was engrossed in the campaigns and come 1945 he was elected Senator of the Republic. Come 1946 Gabriel Gonzales Videla was voted Chilean President in a coalition with the Communist Party. In the subsequent year, Gonzales Videla turned against the Communists and aligned himself with the U.S initiating a campaign in opposition to the communists. An aggressive repression of a miner’s strike in Lota influenced the poet to condemn President Gonzales Videla’s policy in a speech. He recited the names of the miners and their families who had been put behind bars. For the reason that Gonzales Videla barred the communist party newspaper â€Å"The Century† from operations, Nerudo did publishing of a letter â€Å"Intimate letter for millions of men† in a good number of Latin American nations. This communication criticized the government guiding principles against its people. The ruling regime accused Neruda of insult and of condescending Chile abroad and initiated the process of prosecution. Around this time he went into hideouts and regularly changed houses to evade capture. In the process he completed â€Å"Canto General†. Exile 1948 Come 1949 he went to Mexico where he took part in the Latin American Congress for Peace. While in Mexico, he suffered thrombophlebitis. A Chilean singe, Matilde Urrutia, was engaged to look after him leading to a love affair which lasted until his demise in 1973. The affair influenced him poetically as he wrote a good number of poems where Matilde Urritia featured prominently, most notably in â€Å"On hundred love sonnets†, â€Å"Estravagario†, â€Å"The Barcarolle, â€Å"The sea and the bells† and â€Å"The captain’s verses†. After 1953 going forward, her existence in the poet’s output becomes deeper. In the course of 1950 during his recuperation in Mexico â€Å"Canto General† was printed out in Mexico City with the first edition of five hundred copies. A clandestine edition was published in Chile by the communist party. At the end of the year he received the Stalin Prize for the Peace. Return to Chile 1952 Come 1952 he returned to Chile after three years in exile, this was possible considering the weakness of ruling regime as well as the support of the poet’s faction group made up of politicians and intellectuals. This period saw the publishing of â€Å"The captain’s verses†. The controversial nature of the book resulted into it being anonymously published; this was out of respect for his wife. Matilde Urrutia again featured prominently in poems in this book. 1959 from 1954 seven books were published; â€Å"Elementary odes†, â€Å"New elementary odes†, â€Å"Third book of odes†, â€Å"Extravagaria†, â€Å"Navigations and return†, â€Å"One hundred love sonnets† and â€Å"Grapes and the Wind†. â€Å"One hundred love sonnets† brings out Neruda’s affection for Matilde Urrutia, he eventually married her in 1966. Conclusion Neruda was terminally ill when he went back to Chile. As the contemporary administration collapsed, trials were instigated against his political followers, most of whom friends were imprisoned or were forced to seek asylum in other countries. His home in Isla Negra was broken into and his writings were damaged by the military police. In the meantime his health was failing at a rapid rate and was thus transferred to Santiago from Isla Negra. Neruda was bed ridden at Santa Marà ­a Clinic in Santiago and few afterwards he passed on due to heart failure. He was temporarily laid to rest in the mausoleum of the Fittborn family. Big crowds assembled at the cemetery in defiance of the measures of the military police where they paid their last respects to the greatest poet of all time.

VoIP: A New Frontier for Security and Vulnerabilities Essay -- essays

VoIP: A New Frontier for Security and Vulnerabilities Introduction to Voice over IP Technology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The promise of extremely cheap telephone service, utilizing the Internet to transmit voice, has made voice over IP an attractive and profitable idea. Vonage (http://www.vonage.com/) and other service providers entice consumers by charging a flat, monthly rate for unlimited long distance in the U.S. and Canada; the rate is often less than it would cost for a regular phone line without any long distance charges. An entity with an enormous call volume, such as a worldwide retail corporation, could benefit from tremendous cost savings by transitioning all of its telephony networks to VoIP.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voice over IP uses a server to connect all telephones in a local area network and act as a gateway for VoIP packets traveling to and from the Internet. Consumers with broadband internet connections can purchase VoIP handsets or routers with an RJ-11 jack to connect regular telephones. Businesses must implement a VoIP application server to handle corporate telephone use, much like mail servers are used to manage email. The Internet Protocol Private Branch eXchange (IP PBX) is telephone equipment used by private companies, rather than telephone service providers, for the management of VoIP calls placed on the data network. When considering VoIP, organizations should focus on necessary quality of service (QoS) requirements, the cost to implement, and a number of security precautions needed to protect the network (Mullins, 2005). Protocols   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two most common protocols central to VoIP are Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and H.323. Both also rely on a number of other protocols, such as DNS and ENUM, in order to locate and navigate to other hosts on the Internet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SIP first uses either TCP or UDP to signal a host on port 5060; then the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is used to transmit an audio stream over UDP ports 16384 through 32767 (Mullins, 2005). It is a broader specification, generally used to connect network devices to servers or other kinds of control equipment. SIP supports user authentication and the transmission of any type of media, including audio, video, and messaging.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the other hand, H.323 is a bit more complex, deri... ....org/columns/futuretense/2005/03/08.shtml. Hall, M. (2005, March 21). SIP tips VoIP into secure. Computerworld. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2005/0,4814,100497,00.html Korzeniowski, P. (2005, February 16). Why VoIP is raising new security concerns. IT Manager’s Journal. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://software.itmanagersjournal.com/print.pl?sid=05/02/11/0028208. McArdle, D. (2005, February 18). Group tackles VoIP security fears. ElectricNews.Net. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.enn.ie/print.html?code=9589191. Mullins, M. (2005, November 3). Doing the VoIP security groundwork. CNETAsia. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://asia.cnet.com. Rendon, J. (2004, December 8). The security risks of VoIP. CIO News. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://searchcio.techtarget.com/originalContent/0,289142,sid19_gci1032194,00.html. Sullivan, A. (2005, March 21). Scam artists dial for dollars on Internet phones. Computerworld. Retrieved March 24, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.computerworld.com/printthis/2005/0,4814,100549,00.html.

The Purpose of Education :: School Learning Educating Essays Papers

The Purpose of Education I suppose the reasons that brought me to St. Olaf in 2003 were shared by many middle to upper class Midwestern kids who had just graduated from high school. We played by the rules and our learning styles fit well into the public education system (and maybe we were fairly smart too), so we had a piece of paper saying that we had a good GPA. Our parents had been grooming us for College ever since we were little, making us fill out practice applications and going out of their way to drive us past the U of M on our way anywhere. We knew the rules: If you don’t get the degree, you’ll end up living in your parent’s basement and cleaning toilets for a living or pregnant (or, GASP, both!!). Those seemed like the only two options at the time sans degree. Plus, at least in my case, I had a big sister at St. Olaf and I liked books and was motivated. All in all, it was just expected of me and I was ok with it. Then, however, the summer after a very experimental and not extremely educational freshman year, I spent a summer working on an organic farm near Stillwater, MN and discovered what it felt like to truly learn. Not just reading some book because I HAD to and then regurgitate the information back out on a test, but questing for information and experiences because plants were FASCINATING and learning to drive a tractor was empowering and farming was complex, elegant, challenging and above all, very very real. For a suburban kid who didn’t know what a tomato plant looked like and never had seen the inside of any machine, learning how to grow food, the most necessary thing in life besides water, was the most relevant experience I’d ever had. For the first time in my life, I wasn’t doing something because I needed the grade or the approval; I was doing it because it interested me. So then I decided I needed to drop out of school. Enough with this book stuff, how does this ever relate to real life? Why do I need to know about Christianity in the 7 th century or the philosophical thoughts of dead white men or about the inner workings of the Krebs cycle I want to dig in the dirt, I want to learn about how to keep squash bugs off my cucurbits, and I want to fix fences and tractors. The Purpose of Education :: School Learning Educating Essays Papers The Purpose of Education I suppose the reasons that brought me to St. Olaf in 2003 were shared by many middle to upper class Midwestern kids who had just graduated from high school. We played by the rules and our learning styles fit well into the public education system (and maybe we were fairly smart too), so we had a piece of paper saying that we had a good GPA. Our parents had been grooming us for College ever since we were little, making us fill out practice applications and going out of their way to drive us past the U of M on our way anywhere. We knew the rules: If you don’t get the degree, you’ll end up living in your parent’s basement and cleaning toilets for a living or pregnant (or, GASP, both!!). Those seemed like the only two options at the time sans degree. Plus, at least in my case, I had a big sister at St. Olaf and I liked books and was motivated. All in all, it was just expected of me and I was ok with it. Then, however, the summer after a very experimental and not extremely educational freshman year, I spent a summer working on an organic farm near Stillwater, MN and discovered what it felt like to truly learn. Not just reading some book because I HAD to and then regurgitate the information back out on a test, but questing for information and experiences because plants were FASCINATING and learning to drive a tractor was empowering and farming was complex, elegant, challenging and above all, very very real. For a suburban kid who didn’t know what a tomato plant looked like and never had seen the inside of any machine, learning how to grow food, the most necessary thing in life besides water, was the most relevant experience I’d ever had. For the first time in my life, I wasn’t doing something because I needed the grade or the approval; I was doing it because it interested me. So then I decided I needed to drop out of school. Enough with this book stuff, how does this ever relate to real life? Why do I need to know about Christianity in the 7 th century or the philosophical thoughts of dead white men or about the inner workings of the Krebs cycle I want to dig in the dirt, I want to learn about how to keep squash bugs off my cucurbits, and I want to fix fences and tractors.

The Metamorphosis :: essays research papers

The Metamorphosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aside from all of the physical changes that Gregor encountered, his personality also took some major turns. Before this unfortunate transformation occurred, Gregor did not have the best relations with his family. Even though he was pretty much generating all of their income, he didn't have much of a closeness with them, except for his sister. 'With his sister alone he remained intimate'; (796). Gregor did in fact care for his sister so much that he wanted to sent her to study at the Conservatorium, even though it would cost him greatly. But despite these good intentions, Gregor's mother and father frowned upon such ideas. Gregor also was not aware of his family's true financial status, which is iron since he was the one providing for them. His parents seemed to be keeping something from him. Gregor's separation from his family also had to do with his work. Since he had to travel a lot of the time, he just wasn't around that often to spend time with his parents and sister.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even after Gregor's metamorphosis, many of his attributes remained similar. He still cared most about his work; that was pretty much all he thought about even when he first turned into a bug. 'The next train went at seven o'clock; to catch that he would need to hurry like mad and his samples weren't even packed up, and he himself wasn't feeling particularly fresh and active';(786). He had made up his mind that he would have to catch the train - completely ignoring the fact that he was no longer a human. One other thing he maintained was his relationship with his sister which still stayed the strongest of his family. However, the main difference he encountered was the way his family started to treat him after the metamorphosis. Rather than him avoiding his family, through business or even by spending his time in solitude, his family started to avoid him. They could not even bear the site of him because of his hideous appearance.

Adults Education Essay

Adult education is very important . adults must know the basic things of life. adult education is needed because it is an essential part of primary education. some people in their early age did not get chance to education because of some reasons but if they are old they can get education and discover their live in a new way. people who are not making effort for the success cant succeed in their lives . we can get education in any age . education helps us in many ways. such knowledge is necessary for every person living in a democratic country. Education is a important part of our life. education means knowledge and it is very important for us. in old times people do not send their girls to schools for education but now people want that there childern should be educated. if we are not educated we have to depend on others but if we are educated we do not have to depend on others. educated person can differentiate between good or bad. education increase our knowledge ways to implement it there is no age limit for education†¦.. We can implement it by making people people aware of it , starting campaigns and doing surveys . Adult education, extension of educational opportunities to those adults beyond the age of general public education who feel a need for further training of any sort, also known as continuing education. is it right? any mistakes? Adult education is needed because it is a powerful auxiliary and an essential incentive to primary education. No programme of compulsory universal education can bear fruit without the active support and co-operation of adults social educa? tion is needed in order to guide in spending their leisure in health? Ful recreations and useful activities. Lastly, illiteracy and ignorance is a sin; an illiterate adult is a burden on society. A The difficulties have to be overcome either by cleverness, or by fact or by compromise, or may be, by intentional avoidance. Only then we can hope to spread Adult Education. The purpose of all good teaching is to produce changes in human behavior. All adult education teacher must adopt a positive approach; adult education emancipates people from the tyranny of illiteracy. [1] Some people, in their early age, did not have the chance to get education for different reasons. When they are old if then, they get education and they can discover themselves in a new way. [2] Learning is a continuous process, and if adult persons have the continued relationship with knowledge is also important. {3] Some adult much time to take rest but if they are engaged in learning they can also have fun and friends. {4] If they are busy something creative jobs, they will never feel boring rather they will feel healthier and happier. We can implement it by making people people aware of it , starting campaigns and doing surveys . 1. in a complex modern democracy, citizens must be knowledgeable. 2. research shows that older people who keep their minds active suffer less dementia and other memory type diseases in old age. 3. in a complex modern economy, workers must be up-to-date on new techniques, and technologies Many people fail to understand that if they don ‘t make the extra effort, they ‘ll never be able to amount to much in life. Some however, after spending a lot of their time as kids fooling around, begin to make the effort to improve their status in life. So being well above thirty or even forty years doesn ‘t matter; anyone can still go back to school to study. It could be any degree that you want. Having missed out on education when you were yet young, still doing school might not look like a good option. However, there are so many adult education programs around, it woul.

Action Plan for New Nivea in a New Market Segment

The improving economic conditions in various parts of the world provide individual companies with market opportunities that need to be exploited completely. Some Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FCMG) manufacturers have already made this move whereas others are still concentrating on traditional highly developed economies. This paper illustrates how Nivea, the skin care manufacturer, can exploit market opportunities offered by the fast developing nations. The paper will specifically extrapolate on how Nivea can develop a wholly new skin care product that would be marketed to specific market segments in the aforementioned nations. The first section highlights on external audit of the new market and product situation, whereas the second part provides internal audit. An action plan for two months before product launching and 12 months after the launch is illustrated throughout the paper. Part I: External Audit The fast developing nations, especially in Asia, provides FCMG manufacturers with grand opportunity to expand global sales. The past three decades have indeed seen disposable incomes in formerly poor countries s increase tremendously. China and India are the best example of countries whose inhabitants have experienced ever-increasing incomes. Higher incomes mean that Indians and Chinese are able to afford products that seemed to be luxury before. Skin care products fall in such category, meaning that Nivea has a ripe market its product portfolio. The younger generation in both countries is especially the ones that Nivea needs to target. The growing taste of luxurious skin care products demands that Nivea embark on supplying products to this lucrative market segment. In addition, the company has to consider developing new products that are specifically designed for this generation; just supplying products from traditional markets might not make significant impact. This market segment need products they can easily associate with, not just imports. Developing a product specifically for the Asian market would therefore get better reception before competitors think of making a similar move. Customers in this market segment would take a pride in using product specifically developed for their uses, as the company reaps benefits through improved sales and market dominance. Nivea is not the only skin care product manufacturer eying the lucrative Asian market, as other global companies are making onslaught in the region (Haig 2006). A greater number of competitors are also supplying imported products to this market segment, meaning that Nivea would be making the initial move of developing and marketing products for this new market. Nivea competitors in these markets can be classified into three groups. First is the group consisting of local manufacturers that have been in the business for many years. The availability of modern technology has enabled these local players to perfect respective products to international. The perfection of respective products mean that indigenous companies are able of competing effectively and defend their market position. The second group includes international players with experience in other markets. This group is most competitive and indeed the one that Nivea should not ignore. The improving economic situation in the region will continue attracting more competition from existing firms. The third group includes companies willing to enter into the Asian lucrative skin care market. Nivea management should further consider that local and international companies could get into joint ventures that could be hard to out-compete. The company should therefore consider a similar approach. A joint marketing venture with local companies should especially be considered in the two months before the launch. This is in understanding that professionals working on local companies have better understanding on consumers and their needs (Riezebos, Kist & Kootsra 2003). PESTLE Analysis Pestle Analysis is hereby used to illustrate externalities that Nivea will have to handle in the process of introducing new product in the market segment. These are the issues that the company has little control; they factors are discussed below in detail: Political This factor refers to issues that may affect company operations and thus entry of the new products into the new market segment. National or regional politics have recently determined trade issues in various parts of the world, including Asia. Senior management should therefore consider being informed on political policies that may affect future business. China and India have been on the forefront on the process of creating friendly political processes for companies to establish operations (Pelsmacker 2006). Nivea is thus poised to benefit from friendly trade regime from the two countries. The company can even take advantage of improving investment opportunities in the region to produce therein and consequently supply to other countries in the region as well as worldwide. The company will thus be creating a strong foundation for competitiveness against local and international industry players. Economic: This is among the driving factors leading to Nivea’s entry into the Indian and Chinese young adult market segment. Indeed, as described earlier, this segment has been experiencing expanding disposable incomes that can be used to become Nivea customers. Just like in other countries, the expanding middle class in China and India are having influence over rest of society that would like to copy behavior (Kapferer 2004). Endearing Nivea products to the middle class would eventually see rest of population in the two countries becoming consumers. The region holds good fortunes considering that economic progress being experienced currently is poised to continue in coming decades. It is for this reason that Nivea should seize the opportunity of embarking on supplying new products in the Asian sub-market. Social: This factor regards social sensitiveness that the company has to consider, especially before entering the market segments. This should especially be considered in the two months prior to supplying company products in the region. The social issues should further be considered when preparing for advertisements that must not be offending in any way. In addition, the target market should be able to connect with the product socially, which could include packaging and presentation. Having products connecting with people socially, or which tend to promote local culture would go a long way in endearing the new Nivea to target market. Any clash with the local culture and customs could result to the company being out competed by other industrial players. Technological: The technological factor refers to production and production processes used to manufacture products and subsequently supply to consumers. Nivea management should in the two months before rolling out the products ensure putting the technology in place. In addition, Nivea’s senior management should embark on being on the forefront of using modern technologies that would improve productivity. Embarking on taking this route would provide the company with long run high productivity, meaning that only high quality products would be generated from Nivea. Relying on technology for continued quality improvement would result to more endearment with consumers in the region. Management should thus embark on improving technology in order to keep improving. Environmental: The environmental factor is hereby taken to mean issues affecting the industry as a whole. This especially includes the size of competition and the future of the industry. The number of competitors is a key determinant of competitiveness. Few players does not necessarily mean low competition as more companies can enter the industry in later time periods. Industrial effect on environment is also addressed in this factor. Participants have to thus ensure reducing and totally eliminating the effect of operations on the environment, such pollution. Governments in various parts of the world have heavy fines and punishments to companies and individuals whose operations affect environment negatively. Companies have on the other hand embarked on reducing effects on environment as part of their corporate social responsibility (Bruhn 2002), which is something that Nivea should take seriously in China and India. Legislative: This factor applies to government policies that could affect operations relating to production and supply of skin care products in respective jurisdictions. This is a factor that Nivea cannot in any way control. The company should be well prepared to deal with new legislations that could come before and after launching new products in the market. In addition, the responsible managers should embark on developing ways and means of coping with operational changes that could come with new legislations. Overcoming legislative challenges should form the key foundation for success in the market segments, considering positive relationship between the company regulatory authorities and consumers. Part II: Internal Audit This second part highlights internal factors that Nivea can use to create strong foundation for success in the new market segments and its new product line. The company has been in the business of manufacturing and supplying skin care products since 1911 (Nivea 2008). The company has since expanded operations to many parts of the world, but has in most cases supplied products manufactured for older market. Indeed, the current undertaking would be among few occasions that Nivea has embarked on developing new products for new markets. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis below illustrates how the company needs to apply before, during and after launching. Strengths: Nivea’s track record of manufacturing is among the strengths that will make market penetration in the new segment possible. Company products thus command a huge following in historical markets, which could be replicated in the new markets. The strength of going at greater lengths to meet consumer demands is best being applied in the Asian market through new products. This start by designing products that easily meet consumer skin care needs adequately. The second step is the organizational culture of getting customer feedback on all products, whether new or old in respective markets (Flapper 2005; Pecotich 2006). This allows consumers to express their concerns or satisfactions with the products. The target market in India and China would thus get opportunities to inform Nivea representatives on how the new products could be improved. The company can thus embark on improving the products in line with consumer demands and tastes. The long-term result is continued improvement of company products’ competitiveness in the lucrative Asian market. Weaknesses: The entry into wholly new market segment with brand new products serves as the greatest weakness, considering that the company has certainly never had such undertaking in the region. There are few learning opportunities for the involved officials to get lessons. However, notes Keller (2006) Nivea has a history of turning weaknesses into business opportunities that have been exploited to the maximum—this should also happen with introduction on new products in the Asian sub-market, especially in the beginning stages. Opportunities: The improving economic conditions in the fast developing Asian countries provide ripe market for Nivea skincare products. Ever increasing segment of the populations having more funds to spend on company products. Nivea should thus position itself in tapping into this lucrative market. In addition, the company should take advantage of the improving business environment in the region. China and India are increasingly becoming competitive in the international arena, which has resulted to many companies setting operations there. Companies that have taken advantage of reduced operational costs. Nivea, too, should embark on setting foot in the two countries, and subsequently produce for local market and export to other countries. Threats: Competition from local and international firms brings out major threats for Nivea entry into the new company. Local companies have for many years been able to perfect respective products to international standards (Hymes 2007). This has made them formidable competitors in skin care industry. New entrants therefore understand they are up against tough players. Naivea management further needs to consider that international skin care industry participants are also eying the same Asian market, which compounds competitive challenges. Bust as illustrated earlier, Nivea has had a history of outdoing competition on many fronts. Repeating this feat in China and India is thus more likely to happen.

After Reading “The Nightingale and the Rose”

â€Å"The Nightingale and the Rose† Oscar Wilde Topic: What do you think about the statement: â€Å"Life is very dear to all† Almost people realize that life is really marvellous when they are in the boundary between life and death. Even the nightingale could see so clearly that she cried â€Å"Life is very dear to all† as she knew the price that she had to pay for getting a red rose.In the nightingale’s eyes, life gives her a large number of nice things such as watching the golden Sun, the pearly Moon and the natural sweet. People do not have the good sense of those like the bird. However, they know that love is one of the most beautiful given things. That is a long-lasting and great relationship in the bird’s thought. Because of this, she was willing to give up her life to bring the Student a gift which would make him happily.The birth’s death to have a red rose seems to be the thing that life gave to the Student. Thanks to the bird, he had a rose to give to his loved girl. â€Å"Life is really dear to all† is the statement that leads people to many thoughts. Life is not nice all the times. In another words, it gives people a lot of drawbacks. However, each day is an unforgettable moment, and each disadvantage is a lesson to help people become more mature. â€Å"Life is really dear to all† when people are contented with all they have now.

Analysis of God Sees the Truth but Fail- Leo Tolstoy Essay

The story is spread over a period of 26 years, where the main character Aksionov changes over time. He becomes a person whom everyone in the prison, including the guards, trust. He was liked for his meekness and his fellow prison mates respected him. He was called’ grandfather’ and ‘The saint’. He became the spokesman for petitions and was the person to whom people came to when they had quarrels or any kind of problem. He is interpreted as a person who stuck to his values and his identity even after all the years in prison. He had no news of his family and was hurt by this fact alot. He had aged over the years and looked older than his age. His hair was gray, he stooped, walked slowly spoke very little and never laughed. Even then his presence was felt throughout the prison because of his kind nature and he was loved by everyone. The other character in the story, Makar Semyonich is a stark contrast to Aksionov. Semyonich is was tall, with a closely cropped gray beard. They were both of the same age but Aksionov had aged over the years in the prison, while Semyionich was strong and well built. Because of his appearance, Semyonich called Aksionov â€Å"gran’dad†. They way Semyonich spoke to the others was in a very casual tone, as if it was nothing great that he had landed in prison and that the crime he had committed was not that a heinous one. Even after he found out who Aksionov was, his voice did not show any remorse or guilt, which showed that he wasn’t guilty that someone else had been convicted of a crime that he had committed. When the murder of the merchant was discussed, Semyonich uttered the words â€Å" how could anyone put a knife into your bag while it was under your head?† When he said these words, Aksionov understand he was the real murderer as he had not said that the bag was under his pillow. When he found out who the real killer was,he longed for vengeance even if he himself should perish for it . there was a change in his attitude, in his thoughts. He was no longer in peace and had a sense of uneasiness in him. Even when the guards were asking Aksionov if he knew who had dug a hole in the prison, Semyonich stood as if he was innocent, as if he had no care in the world. But Aksionov did not give up semyonichs name even though he had seen him do it, because he was good at heart and wasn’t too sure if he was the one who had killed the merchant. Seeing that Aksionov hadn’t given his name up, Semyonich went to him and confessed his crime of murdering the merchant, for which Aksionov had spent  26 years in jail. He begged for forgiveness and even said that he would confess to the guatds. But it did not ake a difference to Aksionov as his entire life had been spent in prison and there was nobody outside waiting for him- his wife was dead and his children did not remember him anymore. Semyonich felt the pain Aksionov was suffering , and begged for his forgiveness, for he wanted to change as a person and wouldnot be in peace with himself until Aksionov had forgiven him. The story is about forgiveness and how forgiveness can bring a change in a person. There is a change in Semyonich when he realises his mistake and sees the suffering of Aksionov in prison, which drives him to beg for forgiveness from Aksionov. He even confesses in court of his previous crime, though it did not make a difference in Aksionov’s life as he passed away before his order for release came. There always was a sense of acceptance in Aksionov’s mind and heart, acceptance of his condition in prison and he was at peace with himself. But when he realised who the real murderer was, his peace was overtaken by anger, revenge and hatred towards Semyonich. He wanted him to suffer ah he had for the past 26 years. But when Semyonich came to ask him for forgiveness, a sense of relief overcame him, his heart grew light and and the longing for home left him. He knew that god would forgive Semyonich for his mistake. Forgivinh Semyonich did change Aksionov in a way, it removed the hatred and anger within him towards Semyonich. When Aksionov did not give up semyonichs name, Semyonich realised what pain and suffering he had put an innocent man through and felt remorseful about it. There is a contrast in the presentation of the two main characters. Aksionov’s thoughts, his change as a person, his character is potrayed from his thoughts and actions. Alot of his thoughts are written in the story and with that we get to know more about his nature, his attitude towards life. Semyonich’s character can be gathered from his dialogue and speech. His inner thoughts have not been mentioned and with the help of his speech we find out that he has no care in the world, doesn’t feel guilty about his crimes as mentioned above. The focus of this is also on the morals and values that people hold. The story has dramatic representation as well narrative representation. There are dialogues and conversations in the story, which helps the reader understand the characters better, as well as understand the moral of the story and the theme which the author has tried  to convey. The story also has a character focus, where the change in the attitude and nature of both characters is emphasized on, especially Semyonich. The story also raises the question of punishment, by imprisonment, being a correct measure. AND OF CLAY ARE WE CREATED-ISABEL ALLENDE The story is spread over a time span of 3 days. The main characters are Rolf Carle, a journalist who specialises in disasters and Azucena, a girl who is stuck under the earth because of a landslide caused by the volcanic eruption. The story is narrated by a third person, Rolf Carles’s girlfriend, but is in the first person narrative form. She is seeing the whole episode between Carle and Azucena through the television and comments upon what she sees and understands. She knows Carle’s past, understands his pain and suffering and comments about it in parts of the story. The narrator empathises with him. She also comments on the media, similar to the comments in the poem’ Adam from New Zealand’ by Imtiaz Dharkar. The narrator comments about the extent media goes to get their stories, how they make innocent people media fodder and exploit them for their own benefit, about how they try to capture reality, the true stories by not being fully involved. The problem with the narrator being a peripheral character is that she truly doesn’t know what the main characters are thinking, what their emotions are. She cant go into their minds and write, so she writes what she thinks the characters are thinking and feeling, which is cheating as she might be making up some of the thoughts and emotions. She also emphasizes how far away she is from him during the disaster. It was as if the television screen separated both of them from each other. Rolf Carle is a journalist, who is very passionate about his job. He is a very well known figure on television, reporting live at scenes of battle and disasters. He had a calm voice in the midst of all the chaos of the disaster he was covering. He was focused, calm, had a sense of equanimity and it seemed like fear never seemed to touch or affect him. It was as if he saw all the action through the lens of the camera, through a distance and never got emotionally involved with the action. This protected him from his own emotions. He got involved, in a way obsessed with trying to protect and save Azucena. He talked to her, told her stories, got all the possible resources available to save her. his voice  broke down when he promised her she would get saved. He had forgotten his camera, he now did not look at the girl through the camera lens, but with his own eyes. He had shed his protection, he was now flooded by his emotions. The emotions he had been bottling up for years, memories of his past began overcoming him, his deepest secrets now starting flooding his mind. He could not tell Azucena all this for she would not understand. The memories of the Russians taking them to the concentration camps, his father locking him up, his mother being forced to perform for the troops, his sister, all the horrors of his past. He was now buried in the memories of those horrors of the past. He realised that all that he had achieved as a reporter was just to bury his past deeper wi thin. He was hurt again by the memory of it. He then realised that Azucena had indeed consoled him, made him accept his past and move on from it. The girl had touched a part of him which even his girlfriend had never had been able to understand, be a part of. Azucena was a young girl of thirteen, who had ever left her village and did not know about life outside hers. Even though she was neck deep in quick sand, she did not seem desperate to be rescued. She was calm and composed, as if resignation had made her accept her fate. This was a difference in attitude between her and Rolf. She was humble, and at times her tone was as if she was apologising for all the fuss she was creating. She learnt a lot about the world through the stories he told her, she had a premature optimism about being saved in the beginning. But as time passed by, she started giving up hope and completely broke down, knowing her fate. She and Rolf had an emotional connection, which helped them both accept her fate, her death and be at peace. She , unknowingly, had made Rolf confront his past. Seeing her suffering, his memories had flood back and he was finally able to make peace with what had happened all those years back. With her help he had confronted it and finally put it all away. She had become media fodder through her suffering. She was asked the same questions by the reporters; she was used as an object to show the world the horror that had taken place in that area. She could no longer answer their questions as she was too tired and sick to, as well as because she no longer wanted to. She was literally drowned in mud, and her face was showing signs of exhaustion and giving up hope. She did not understand life beyond her village, the seven seas and the rest of Europe. The main focus of the story is Rolf  Carle, his change as a character. how the encounter with Azucena affects him psychologically and how he fights the demons of his past within him. The second focus is on the media, the narrator brings out the desperation the media has to get their story and how they use people to get their stories. How they don’t understand the sentiments of the people involved, which shows the insensitivity of the media. The title is in a way symbolic to the story, it refers to how we are made from the mud and how at the end the little girl dies and sinks into the mud. It emphasizes the fact that its a circle of life- we end up at the place where we started. The story is written very metaphorically, with the use of situational and dramatic irony in some places. It goes deep into the emotions of the main character and sometimes even brings out a poetic touch. The story is set within a very short time frame of 3 days, with the conclusion bringing out a sense of change in the main characters depression in the future. It brings out two fights(metaphorically)- Rolf fighting to save Azucena by trying everything possible, and the fight with himself to prevent his past memories from coming forward and haunting him. WHAT IS A SHORT STORY? A short story is a work of fiction which is written in prose and often in narrative form, as seen in ‘And Of Clay Are We Made’. The length of a short story may vary from author to author, sometimes ranging from a page to 20 pages. It generally combines matter of fact descriptions with a poetic atmosphere. There is often little action and less character development, as compared to a novel. The plot of the story is simple, not complicated, but leaves the reader with a vivid impression which makes it easier to remember the facts. Very often short stories have abrupt or open endings, leaving an opportunity to the reader to think and form opinions about the ending. They generally tend to stick to one incident, rather than a mix of a no of incidents like in novels, and is usually restricted to only one setting. A short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or few significant scenes. This form encourages economy of setting, concise narrative and the omission of a complex plot. The character is disclosed in action and dramatic encounter but is seldom fully developed. A short story is usually judged by its ability to provide a complete or satisfying  treatment of its characters and subjects. There is a close connection between a short story and a poem as there is a unique union of idea and structure in both. The evolution of the short story began even before man could write. To aid himself in constructing and memorising tales, the early storyteller often relied on stock phrases, fixed rhythms and rhyme. Most of the ancient short story are in verse form and the stories from the middle east were also in verse form. They were inscribed in cuneiform on clay during 2nd millennium BC. Some writers believe that the shoert story is the most greatest and the most challenging form of literature to write, and the most infuriating too. Even though it looks very easy to pen, it sometimes takes a very long time for the writers to finish a short story. A good short story is always about a moment of profound realisation, or a hint of it. A classic length of a short story is that one should be able to finish in one sitting. The elements of a short story are: 1.Setting: the time and location in which the story takes place is called the setting. For some stories the setting is important while for others it isn’t. 2.Plot: the plot is how the author arranges the events to develop his basic idea. It is the sequence of events . the plot is planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle and end. The story has usually has only one plot. 3.Conflict: conflict is an essential plot for without it , the plot makes no sense. It is the opposition of forces that ties one incident to another and makes the plot move. It is not merely limited to open arguments; rather it is any form of opposition that faces the main character. 4.Character: short stories use few characters. One character is central to the story with all major events revolving around the main character and is known as the protagonist. The opposite of the main character or the secondary character is known as the antagonist. 5.Point of view: point of view is defined as the angle from which the story is told. For eg: from the point of view of an adult, or a child and sometimes even from the narrators point of view, as in ‘And of Clay Are We Created’. 6.Theme: the theme is the controlling idea or its central insight. It is the authors underlying meaning or the main idea that he is trying to convey. The theme may be the author’s thoughts on a certain social, political issue. The title of the story usually point to what the writer is saying and uses  various figures of speech to convey the theme to the readers. The stories ‘GOD SEES THE TRUTH BUT WAITS’ and ‘ AND OF CLAY ARE WE CREATED’ are short stories that are in the narrative form, yet are quite different from each other, as will be seen in the following pages. The morals, the themes, time span as well as characterisat ion and style of narration are very different from each other.

Detection of Oil Spillage in the Sea Research Paper

Detection of Oil Spillage in the Sea - Research Paper Example The images were taken during the Prestige oil spill that happened in Spanish coast. Geographical Information System (GIS) database was used in the integration of the images to study the spatial distribution, slick progression and the results compared to field observations. From the results acquired, a relationship is developed between the use of radar imagery and other available options like wind data and in situ interpretations. Integration of these techniques produces efficient ways of monitoring and forecast oil spills in the oceans. Key words Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR), oil spillage, Geographical Information System (GIS), and oil slick. Introduction Oil spillage in the sea or oceans serves as a main source of water pollution and environmental degradation. Most leakages result from ships ferrying oil to various destinations across the world. Storms in the sea cause ship wreckages that lead to oil spillage. Monitoring of such incidences before extensive damage is made is essential. The case study for this project is an oil tanker, Prestige that was damaged in a storm in the coast of Spain. Though it had a capacity of 77000 tons of heavy fuel, after the damage, there was an immediate loss of 5000 tons. Over 190kms of the coast was contaminated with the oil within a period of three days. After a few days, the ship broke and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean. During the incident,3000tons were lost as spillage as other 6000tons as it sunk. Oil spread 270km along the south/south west of the cape of Finisterra. Satellite images have been provided by the European Space Agency daily since the accident occurred. The Envisat space craft and European Remote Sensing (ERS) revealed the leakage, raising an alarm in salvaging process of the sea (Palanzuela, Gonzalez, & Cuadrado 2006). The data retrieved from radar was of great use in oil spillage detection because it covers a wide area. Radar also assists in taking images at all times. This makes it useful in detecti ng and clean up operations of oil spills. The mode of technology used in the project was Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR). The images retrieved from the radar were very critical in detecting oil spills from the Prestige tanker. The images were integrated by the Geographical Information System (GIS) database that revealed further information about the spillage. The area covered by oil spill, its quantity and spatial distribution in the area within the oil spillage period was traced. Observations made in the field and the condition of wind during the incident could be retrieved. Oil Slick Detection The area affected lies in the north-west coast of Spain on Atlantic Ocean. The coast line covers the Cape of Finisterre to the mouth of Mino River. The marine biodiversity in the area is rich, with a blend of vertical water and column layers. The rich cold water provides nutrients that support pelagic and demersal fisheries. A rich mussel raft culture is also maintained. The fishing industry, mussel culture creates employment to the natives. Beaches, resorts and ecological important areas offer good grounds for national parks. The spillage that occurred became a threat to these areas. ASAR scenes retrieved through wide-swath mode by ScanSAR technique showed that the area affected was greater than 400kms. Several organizations took part in field survey. The data

BatmanThe Dark Kninght Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BatmanThe Dark Kninght - Article Example It carves a work of twisted beauty from it. Along with the film, â€Å"the dark knight† came a soundtrack, which was equally dark, violent, tortured, and relentless. The purists of the film music may find this soundtrack to be a bit offbeat to match their tastes. Certainly, they would not be wrong. The fact about the dark knight soundtrack is it represents a highly stylized approach in the creation of a film score. The music of Batman in the movie is iconic. While the music at the beginning of the movie is impressive, it actually does not give a comparison to what the duo have concocted when it comes to their second foray into the underbelly of the Gotham city, which is dark. Within the films context, the music assists in creating an unnerving sense of panic, chaos, dread, and fear. Zimmer and Howard help in creating a clashing dissonance for the joker that unnerves the listener. The Salvo used in the opening â€Å"why so serious?† is one among those tracks, which are used to create a disturbing feeling in persons bones. The soundtrack utilizes strings in a dissonant way to throw the listener off balance. It further creates a sense of malice and disconnect through the shift of rhythm, which jar them violently. The only sound an individual can hear when the soundtracks come to a quasi-silence is the recreation of the heartbeat palpitating. This palpitation of the heart serves to magnify the sheer horror and terror in the movie. This track in the film is a reminiscent of some of the Philip Glass’s composition in several ways, although it is progressive in nature. In conclusion, this music is the most jarring and daring composition ever to be used in filming. It is quite impossible to follow twisted things such as â€Å"why so serious?† but Howard and Zimmer have been able to manage and keep the wonderful thematic in progress. They have been able to roll over some of the nuances in the first track into the much more classically natured